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Associate Professor Carl Stephan
Associate Professor

Carl Stephan

Email: 
Phone: 
+61 7 336 57485

Overview

Background

Assoc. Prof. Stephan is an anatomist and forensic anthropologist with research interests in skeletal analysis and identification in the medicolegal setting. Specifcally these research interests include: craniofacial identification, radiographic comparison, trauma, unmingling of skeletons, biological profile estimations and standards of practice. Carl heads the Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), and is Chief Anatomist at The University of Queensland (UQ) School of Anatomy.

Carl is a Fellow of The American Academy of Forensic Sciences and recent past President of the International Association of Craniofacial Identification. Carl served as Special Issue Managing Guest Editor for Forensic Science International, Latest Progress in Craniofacial Identification, 2018. He has been Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Forensic Sciences (2013-23) and Associate Editor of Forensic Anthropology (2016-20). Carl founded the SBMS Skeletal Collection and Skeletisation Program at UQ in late 2014, re-energising forensic osteology within the UQ School of Anatomy and more broadly within the School of Biomedical Sciences.

Carl's prior appointments include forensic anthropology analyst with the Iraq Mass Graves Investigation Team (USA Army Corps of Engineers on behalf of the USA Department of Justice) and ORISE researcher at the USA Department of Defence Central Identification Laboratory in Hawaii. He often now serves as an external consultant to the USA Defence POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA). At UQ and as Chief Anatomist and School of Anatomy manager, Carl works very closely with the SBMS Gross Anatomy Facility, in all matters of anatomy teaching, research and governance management.

Working in joint with the GAF Manager, Carl has cross adapted ISO17025 style practices and auditing procedures to the UQ School of Anatomy space and introduced the first Code-of-Practice for Use of Human Tissues within the UQ School of Anatomy since its inauguration (1927). These accreditation-style policies and procedures are further implemented and expanded in the HuCS-ID Lab, providing vital learning experiences and skill sets for Honours and Higher Research Degree students wanting to pursue careers in forensic science. New data analytic, casework and research tools developed by the HuCS-ID Lab and in the statistical environment of R, are freely and routinely released for others to use at the website: CRANIOFACIALidentification.com.

Carl's research outputs currently exceed 100 total scientific publications, including more than 85 full-length research articles..

Availability

Associate Professor Carl Stephan is:
Available for supervision

Qualifications

  • Bachelor of Science, University of Adelaide
  • Bachelor (Honours) of Science (Advanced), University of Adelaide
  • Doctor of Philosophy, University of Adelaide
  • Postgraduate Diploma in Education, The University of Queensland

Research impacts

AP Stephan's research contributions are widely recognized in the international forensic anthropology space, especially in craniofacial identification and radiographic comparison. Carl's contributions result in, or assist, identifications around the globe and, in the USA, almost on a weekly basis.

A prime example of AP Stephan's research impact is regarding Chest X-Ray Comparison (CXR) protocols established directly from his applied research, which have been officially reviewed, approved and authorized by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense Health Affairs, USA Armed Forces Medical Examiner System (2017) to assist the DPAA mission of identifying fallen US Soldiers. Every few weeks these methods contribute to new and additional identifications of US fallen soldiers from the Korean War and World War II (and notably in cases where DNA identification cannot be used): https://www.dpaa.mil/News-Stories/News-Releases/.

Other casework impact includes skeletal analysis of individuals from mass graves in Iraq for the Regime Crimes Liaison Office (RCLO) via work for the Iraq Mass Graves Investigation Team (IMGT; 2005).

Carl holds a Scopus H-index of 30 (or 36 in Google Scholar), a total citation count of >2,100 (Scopus), and a SciVal Field-Weighted Citation Impact of 1.8 (last 10 years).

Works

Search Professor Carl Stephan’s works on UQ eSpace

94 works between 2001 and 2024

41 - 60 of 94 works

2016

Journal Article

Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov’s authentic approach to plastic facial reconstruction

Ullrich, H. and Stephan, C. N. (2016). Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov’s authentic approach to plastic facial reconstruction. Anthropologie, 54 (2), 97-107.

Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov’s authentic approach to plastic facial reconstruction

2016

Book Chapter

Craniofacial identification: techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition

Stephan, Carl N. and Claes, Peter (2016). Craniofacial identification: techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition. Handbook of forensic anthropology and archaeology. (pp. 402-415) edited by Soren Blau and Douglas H. Ubelaker. New York, NY United States: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9781315528939

Craniofacial identification: techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition

2015

Journal Article

A standardized nomenclature for craniofacial and facial anthropometry

Caple, Jodi and Stephan, Carl N. (2015). A standardized nomenclature for craniofacial and facial anthropometry. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 130 (3), 1-17. doi: 10.1007/s00414-015-1292-1

A standardized nomenclature for craniofacial and facial anthropometry

2015

Journal Article

Facial soft tissue thicknesses: noise, signal, and P

Stephan, Carl N., Munn, Lachlan and Caple, Jodi (2015). Facial soft tissue thicknesses: noise, signal, and P. Forensic Science International, 257, 114-122. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.051

Facial soft tissue thicknesses: noise, signal, and P

2015

Journal Article

Perspective distortion in craniofacial superimposition: logarithmic decay curves mapped mathematically and by practical experiment

Stephan, Carl N. (2015). Perspective distortion in craniofacial superimposition: logarithmic decay curves mapped mathematically and by practical experiment. Forensic Science International, 257, 520.e1-520.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.009

Perspective distortion in craniofacial superimposition: logarithmic decay curves mapped mathematically and by practical experiment

2015

Journal Article

Facial Approximation-From Facial Reconstruction Synonym to Face Prediction Paradigm

Stephan, Carl N. (2015). Facial Approximation-From Facial Reconstruction Synonym to Face Prediction Paradigm. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 60 (3), 566-571. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12732

Facial Approximation-From Facial Reconstruction Synonym to Face Prediction Paradigm

2015

Journal Article

Human Identification via Lateral Patella Radiographs: A Validation Study

Niespodziewanski, Emily, Stephan, Carl N., Guyomarc'h, Pierre and Fenton, Todd W. (2015). Human Identification via Lateral Patella Radiographs: A Validation Study. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61 (1), 134-140. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12898

Human Identification via Lateral Patella Radiographs: A Validation Study

2015

Journal Article

Head position on facial soft tissue depth measurements obtained using computed tomography

Caple, Jodi M., Stephan, Carl N., Gregory, Laura S. and MacGregor, Donna M. (2015). Head position on facial soft tissue depth measurements obtained using computed tomography. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61 (1), 147-152. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12896

Head position on facial soft tissue depth measurements obtained using computed tomography

2014

Journal Article

Accuracies of facial soft tissue depth means for estimating ground truth skin surfaces in forensic craniofacial identification

Stephan, Carl N. (2014). Accuracies of facial soft tissue depth means for estimating ground truth skin surfaces in forensic craniofacial identification. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 129 (4), 877-888. doi: 10.1007/s00414-014-1113-y

Accuracies of facial soft tissue depth means for estimating ground truth skin surfaces in forensic craniofacial identification

2014

Journal Article

Morphometric comparison of clavicle outlines from 3D bone scans and 2D chest radiographs: a shortlisting tool to assist radiographic identification of human skeletons

Stephan, Carl N., Amidan, Brett, Trease, Harold, Guyomarc'h, Pierre, Pulsipher, Trenton and Byrd, John E. (2014). Morphometric comparison of clavicle outlines from 3D bone scans and 2D chest radiographs: a shortlisting tool to assist radiographic identification of human skeletons. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59 (2), 306-313. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12324

Morphometric comparison of clavicle outlines from 3D bone scans and 2D chest radiographs: a shortlisting tool to assist radiographic identification of human skeletons

2014

Journal Article

Quantification of perspective-induced shape change of clavicles at radiography and 3D scanning to assist human identification

Stephan, Carl N. and Guyomarc'h, Pierre (2014). Quantification of perspective-induced shape change of clavicles at radiography and 3D scanning to assist human identification. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59 (2), 447-453. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12325

Quantification of perspective-induced shape change of clavicles at radiography and 3D scanning to assist human identification

2014

Journal Article

The application of the central limit theorem and the law of large numbers to facial soft tissue depths: T-Table robustness and trends since 2008

Stephan, Carl N. (2014). The application of the central limit theorem and the law of large numbers to facial soft tissue depths: T-Table robustness and trends since 2008. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59 (2), 454-462. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12328

The application of the central limit theorem and the law of large numbers to facial soft tissue depths: T-Table robustness and trends since 2008

2014

Book Chapter

Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition

Stephan, Carl N. (2014). Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition. Encyclopedia of global archaeology. (pp. 22721-2729) edited by Claire Smith. New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_149

Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition

2013

Journal Article

Facial soft tissue depth statistics and enhanced point estimators for craniofacial identification: the debut of the shorth and the 75-shormax

Stephan, Carl N., Simpson, Ellie K. and Byrd, John E. (2013). Facial soft tissue depth statistics and enhanced point estimators for craniofacial identification: the debut of the shorth and the 75-shormax. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58 (6), 1439-1457. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12252

Facial soft tissue depth statistics and enhanced point estimators for craniofacial identification: the debut of the shorth and the 75-shormax

2013

Book Chapter

Facial approximation

Stephan, C. N. (2013). Facial approximation. Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. (pp. 60-67) edited by Jay A. Siegel and Pekka J. Saukko. USA: Elsevier.

Facial approximation

2012

Journal Article

The validity of ear prediction guidelines used in facial approximation

Guyomarc’h, Pierre and Stephan, Carl N. (2012). The validity of ear prediction guidelines used in facial approximation. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 57 (6), 1427-1441. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02181.x

The validity of ear prediction guidelines used in facial approximation

2012

Journal Article

Radiographic comparison of a fractured clavicle exhibiting a pseudo-arthrosis

Rhode, Matthew P., Goodhue, William W., Jr. and Stephan, Carl N. (2012). Radiographic comparison of a fractured clavicle exhibiting a pseudo-arthrosis. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 57 (4), 1094-1097. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02069.x

Radiographic comparison of a fractured clavicle exhibiting a pseudo-arthrosis

2011

Journal Article

On Gerasimov's plastic facial reconstruction technique: New insights to facilitate repeatability

Ullrich, Herbert and Stephan, Carl N. (2011). On Gerasimov's plastic facial reconstruction technique: New insights to facilitate repeatability. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56 (2), 470-474. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01672.x

On Gerasimov's plastic facial reconstruction technique: New insights to facilitate repeatability

2011

Conference Publication

The use of clavicle boundary outlines to identify skeletal remains of US personnel recovered from past conflicts: results of initial tests

Stephan, Carl N., Emanovsky, Paul D. and Tyrrell, Andrew J. (2011). The use of clavicle boundary outlines to identify skeletal remains of US personnel recovered from past conflicts: results of initial tests. The First International Symposium of Biological Shape Analysis, Tsukuba, Japan, 3 - 6 June 2009. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. doi: 10.1142/9789814355247_0008

The use of clavicle boundary outlines to identify skeletal remains of US personnel recovered from past conflicts: results of initial tests

2011

Journal Article

Skeletal identification by radiographic comparison: blind tests of a morphoscopic method using antemortem chest radiographs

Stephan, Carl N., Winburn, Allysha P., Christensen, Alexander F. and Tyrrell, Andrew J. T (2011). Skeletal identification by radiographic comparison: blind tests of a morphoscopic method using antemortem chest radiographs. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56 (2), 320-332. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01673.x

Skeletal identification by radiographic comparison: blind tests of a morphoscopic method using antemortem chest radiographs

Funding

Past funding

  • 2019
    Advanced Brightfield and Fluorescent High Speed and Throughput Slide Scanner for biological, medical, materials science, and agricultural applications
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2016 - 2018
    A fully computerized method of osteometric sorting for pairwise comparisons in large assemblages
    American Academy of Forensic Sciences
    Open grant

Supervision

Availability

Associate Professor Carl Stephan is:
Available for supervision

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Supervision history

Current supervision

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Correlations of human facial soft tissue thickness with body mass in sub-adults and adults as revealed by lateral radiographs and MRI

    Principal Advisor

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Craniofacial Superimposition: Can Machine Learning Improve Focus Distance Estimation from Real-world Facial Photographs

    Principal Advisor

Completed supervision

Media

Enquiries

For media enquiries about Associate Professor Carl Stephan's areas of expertise, story ideas and help finding experts, contact our Media team:

communications@uq.edu.au