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Associate Professor Carl Stephan
Associate Professor

Carl Stephan

Email: 
Phone: 
+61 7 336 57485

Overview

Background

Assoc. Prof. Stephan is an anatomist and forensic anthropologist with research interests in skeletal analysis and identification in the medicolegal setting. Specifcally these research interests include: craniofacial identification, radiographic comparison, trauma, unmingling of skeletons, biological profile estimations and standards of practice. Carl heads the Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), and is Chief Anatomist at The University of Queensland (UQ) School of Anatomy.

Carl is a Fellow of The American Academy of Forensic Sciences and recent past President of the International Association of Craniofacial Identification. Carl served as Special Issue Managing Guest Editor for Forensic Science International, Latest Progress in Craniofacial Identification, 2018. He has been Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Forensic Sciences (2013-23) and Associate Editor of Forensic Anthropology (2016-20). Carl founded the SBMS Skeletal Collection and Skeletisation Program at UQ in late 2014, re-energising forensic osteology within the UQ School of Anatomy and more broadly within the School of Biomedical Sciences.

Carl's prior appointments include forensic anthropology analyst with the Iraq Mass Graves Investigation Team (USA Army Corps of Engineers on behalf of the USA Department of Justice) and ORISE researcher at the USA Department of Defence Central Identification Laboratory in Hawaii. He often now serves as an external consultant to the USA Defence POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA). At UQ and as Chief Anatomist and School of Anatomy manager, Carl works very closely with the SBMS Gross Anatomy Facility, in all matters of anatomy teaching, research and governance management.

Working in joint with the GAF Manager, Carl has cross adapted ISO17025 style practices and auditing procedures to the UQ School of Anatomy space and introduced the first Code-of-Practice for Use of Human Tissues within the UQ School of Anatomy since its inauguration (1927). These accreditation-style policies and procedures are further implemented and expanded in the HuCS-ID Lab, providing vital learning experiences and skill sets for Honours and Higher Research Degree students wanting to pursue careers in forensic science. New data analytic, casework and research tools developed by the HuCS-ID Lab and in the statistical environment of R, are freely and routinely released for others to use at the website: CRANIOFACIALidentification.com.

Carl's research outputs currently exceed 100 total scientific publications, including more than 85 full-length research articles..

Availability

Associate Professor Carl Stephan is:
Available for supervision

Qualifications

  • Bachelor of Science, University of Adelaide
  • Bachelor (Honours) of Science (Advanced), University of Adelaide
  • Doctor of Philosophy, University of Adelaide
  • Postgraduate Diploma in Education, The University of Queensland

Research impacts

AP Stephan's research contributions are widely recognized in the international forensic anthropology space, especially in craniofacial identification and radiographic comparison. Carl's contributions result in, or assist, identifications around the globe and, in the USA, almost on a weekly basis.

A prime example of AP Stephan's research impact is regarding Chest X-Ray Comparison (CXR) protocols established directly from his applied research, which have been officially reviewed, approved and authorized by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense Health Affairs, USA Armed Forces Medical Examiner System (2017) to assist the DPAA mission of identifying fallen US Soldiers. Every few weeks these methods contribute to new and additional identifications of US fallen soldiers from the Korean War and World War II (and notably in cases where DNA identification cannot be used): https://www.dpaa.mil/News-Stories/News-Releases/.

Other casework impact includes skeletal analysis of individuals from mass graves in Iraq for the Regime Crimes Liaison Office (RCLO) via work for the Iraq Mass Graves Investigation Team (IMGT; 2005).

Carl holds a Scopus H-index of 30 (or 36 in Google Scholar), a total citation count of >2,100 (Scopus), and a SciVal Field-Weighted Citation Impact of 1.8 (last 10 years).

Works

Search Professor Carl Stephan’s works on UQ eSpace

94 works between 2001 and 2024

61 - 80 of 94 works

2010

Journal Article

The human masseter muscle and its biological correlates: A review of published data pertinent to face prediction

Stephan, Carl N. (2010). The human masseter muscle and its biological correlates: A review of published data pertinent to face prediction. Forensic Science International, 201 (1-3), 153-159. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.026

The human masseter muscle and its biological correlates: A review of published data pertinent to face prediction

2010

Journal Article

The reproducibility of facial approximation accuracy results generated from photo-spread tests

Stephan, Carl N. and Cicolini, Jody (2010). The reproducibility of facial approximation accuracy results generated from photo-spread tests. Forensic Science International, 201 (1-3), 133-137. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.028

The reproducibility of facial approximation accuracy results generated from photo-spread tests

2009

Journal Article

The superficial temporal fat pad and its ramifications for temporalis muscle construction in facial approximation

Stephan, Carl N. and Devine, Matthew (2009). The superficial temporal fat pad and its ramifications for temporalis muscle construction in facial approximation. Forensic Science International, 191 (1-3), 70-79. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.016

The superficial temporal fat pad and its ramifications for temporalis muscle construction in facial approximation

2009

Journal Article

The accuracy of facial “reconstruction”: a review of the published data and their interpretive value

Stephan, C. N. (2009). The accuracy of facial “reconstruction”: a review of the published data and their interpretive value. Minerva Medicolegale, 129 (1), 47-60.

The accuracy of facial “reconstruction”: a review of the published data and their interpretive value

2009

Journal Article

Further Evidence on the Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball for Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition

Stephan, C. N., Huang, A. J. R. and Davidson, P. L. (2009). Further Evidence on the Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball for Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54 (2), 267-269. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00982.x

Further Evidence on the Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball for Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition

2009

Book Chapter

Craniofacial identification: techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition

Stephan, Carl N (2009). Craniofacial identification: techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition. Handbook of Forensic Anthropogy and Archeaology. (pp. 304-321) edited by Soren Blau and Douglas H Ubelaker. Walnut Creek, CA, U.S.A.: Left Coast Press.

Craniofacial identification: techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition

2008

Journal Article

The placement of the human eyeball and canthi in craniofacial identification

Stephan, Carl N. and Davidson, Paavi L. (2008). The placement of the human eyeball and canthi in craniofacial identification. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (3), 612-619. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00718.x

The placement of the human eyeball and canthi in craniofacial identification

2008

Journal Article

Measuring the accuracy of facial approximations: A comparative study of resemblance rating and face array methods

Stephan, Carl N. and Cicolini, Jody (2008). Measuring the accuracy of facial approximations: A comparative study of resemblance rating and face array methods. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (1), 58-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00622.x

Measuring the accuracy of facial approximations: A comparative study of resemblance rating and face array methods

2008

Journal Article

Mouth width prediction in craniofacial identification: cadaver tests of four recent methods, including two techniques for edentulous skulls

Stephan, C. N. and Murphy, S. J. (2008). Mouth width prediction in craniofacial identification: cadaver tests of four recent methods, including two techniques for edentulous skulls. Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology, 26 (1), 2-7.

Mouth width prediction in craniofacial identification: cadaver tests of four recent methods, including two techniques for edentulous skulls

2008

Journal Article

Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part I): An Analytical Review of the Published Adult Data

Stephan, Carl N. and Simpson, Ellie K. (2008). Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part I): An Analytical Review of the Published Adult Data. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (6), 1257-1272. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00852.x

Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part I): An Analytical Review of the Published Adult Data

2008

Book Chapter

Methods of facial approximation and skull-face superimposition, with special consideration of method development in Australia

Stephan, Carl N., Taylor, Ronn G. and Taylor, Jane A. (2008). Methods of facial approximation and skull-face superimposition, with special consideration of method development in Australia. Forensic approaches to death, disaster and abuse. (pp. 133-154) edited by Marc Oxenham. Bowen Hills, QLD, Australia: Australian Academic Press.

Methods of facial approximation and skull-face superimposition, with special consideration of method development in Australia

2008

Journal Article

Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part II): An Analytical Review of the Published Sub-Adult Data

Stephan, Carl N. and Simpson, Ellie K. (2008). Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part II): An Analytical Review of the Published Sub-Adult Data. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (6), 1273-1279. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00853.x

Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part II): An Analytical Review of the Published Sub-Adult Data

2006

Journal Article

Assessing facial approximation accuracy: How do resemblance ratings of disparate faces compare to recognition tests?

Stephan, C. N. and Arthur, R. S. (2006). Assessing facial approximation accuracy: How do resemblance ratings of disparate faces compare to recognition tests?. Forensic Science International, 159 (Suppl. 1), S159-S163. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.026

Assessing facial approximation accuracy: How do resemblance ratings of disparate faces compare to recognition tests?

2006

Journal Article

Beyond the sphere of the English facial approximation literature: Ramifications of German papers on western method concepts

Stephan, Carl N. (2006). Beyond the sphere of the English facial approximation literature: Ramifications of German papers on western method concepts. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 51 (4), 736-739. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00175.x

Beyond the sphere of the English facial approximation literature: Ramifications of German papers on western method concepts

2006

Journal Article

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Australian adult cadavers

Domaracki, Monica and Stephan, Carl N. (2006). Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Australian adult cadavers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 51 (1), 5-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2005.00009.x

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Australian adult cadavers

2006

Journal Article

Recognition by forensic facial approximation: Case specific examples and empirical tests

Stephan, C. N. and Henneberg, M. (2006). Recognition by forensic facial approximation: Case specific examples and empirical tests. Forensic Science International, 156 (2 & 3), 182-191. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.11.020

Recognition by forensic facial approximation: Case specific examples and empirical tests

2005

Journal Article

Estimating eyeball protrusion from body height, interpupillary distance, and inter-orbital distance in adults

Stephan, C. N. and Swan, L. K. (2005). Estimating eyeball protrusion from body height, interpupillary distance, and inter-orbital distance in adults. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50 (4), 774-776. doi: 10.1520/JFS2004534

Estimating eyeball protrusion from body height, interpupillary distance, and inter-orbital distance in adults

2005

Journal Article

Facial approximation: a review of the current state of play for archaeologists

Stephan, C. N. (2005). Facial approximation: a review of the current state of play for archaeologists. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 15 (4), 298-302. doi: 10.1002/oa.787

Facial approximation: a review of the current state of play for archaeologists

2005

Journal Article

Does sexual dimorphism in facial soft tissue depths justify sex distinction in craniofacial identification?

Stephan, C. N., Norris, R. M. and Henneberg, M. (2005). Does sexual dimorphism in facial soft tissue depths justify sex distinction in craniofacial identification?. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50 (3), 513-518. doi: 10.1520/JFS2004251

Does sexual dimorphism in facial soft tissue depths justify sex distinction in craniofacial identification?

2005

Book Chapter

Two-dimensional computer generated average human face morphology and facial approximation

Stephan,, Penton-Voak, Ian S., Perrett, David I., Tiddeman, Bernard P., Clement, John G. and Henneberg, Maciej (2005). Two-dimensional computer generated average human face morphology and facial approximation. Computer-graphic facial reconstruction. (pp. 105-127) edited by John G. Clement and Murray K. Marks. Boston, United States: Academic Press.

Two-dimensional computer generated average human face morphology and facial approximation

Funding

Past funding

  • 2019
    Advanced Brightfield and Fluorescent High Speed and Throughput Slide Scanner for biological, medical, materials science, and agricultural applications
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2016 - 2018
    A fully computerized method of osteometric sorting for pairwise comparisons in large assemblages
    American Academy of Forensic Sciences
    Open grant

Supervision

Availability

Associate Professor Carl Stephan is:
Available for supervision

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Supervision history

Current supervision

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Correlations of human facial soft tissue thickness with body mass in sub-adults and adults as revealed by lateral radiographs and MRI

    Principal Advisor

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Craniofacial Superimposition: Can Machine Learning Improve Focus Distance Estimation from Real-world Facial Photographs

    Principal Advisor

Completed supervision

Media

Enquiries

For media enquiries about Associate Professor Carl Stephan's areas of expertise, story ideas and help finding experts, contact our Media team:

communications@uq.edu.au