
Overview
Background
Assoc. Prof. Stephan is an anatomist and forensic anthropologist with research interests in skeletal analysis and identification in the medicolegal setting. Specifcally these research interests include: craniofacial identification, radiographic comparison, trauma, unmingling of skeletons, biological profile estimations and standards of practice. Carl heads the Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), and is Chief Anatomist at The University of Queensland (UQ) School of Anatomy.
Carl is a Fellow of The American Academy of Forensic Sciences and recent past President of the International Association of Craniofacial Identification. Carl served as Special Issue Managing Guest Editor for Forensic Science International, Latest Progress in Craniofacial Identification, 2018. He has been Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Forensic Sciences (2013-23) and Associate Editor of Forensic Anthropology (2016-20). Carl founded the SBMS Skeletal Collection and Skeletisation Program at UQ in late 2014, re-energising forensic osteology within the UQ School of Anatomy and more broadly within the School of Biomedical Sciences.
Carl's prior appointments include forensic anthropology analyst with the Iraq Mass Graves Investigation Team (USA Army Corps of Engineers on behalf of the USA Department of Justice) and ORISE researcher at the USA Department of Defence Central Identification Laboratory in Hawaii. He often now serves as an external consultant to the USA Defence POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA). At UQ and as Chief Anatomist and School of Anatomy manager, Carl works very closely with the SBMS Gross Anatomy Facility, in all matters of anatomy teaching, research and governance management.
Working in joint with the GAF Manager, Carl has cross adapted ISO17025 style practices and auditing procedures to the UQ School of Anatomy space and introduced the first Code-of-Practice for Use of Human Tissues within the UQ School of Anatomy since its inauguration (1927). These accreditation-style policies and procedures are further implemented and expanded in the HuCS-ID Lab, providing vital learning experiences and skill sets for Honours and Higher Research Degree students wanting to pursue careers in forensic science. New data analytic, casework and research tools developed by the HuCS-ID Lab and in the statistical environment of R, are freely and routinely released for others to use at the website: CRANIOFACIALidentification.com.
Carl's research outputs currently exceed 100 total scientific publications, including more than 85 full-length research articles..
Availability
- Associate Professor Carl Stephan is:
- Available for supervision
Fields of research
Qualifications
- Bachelor of Science, University of Adelaide
- Bachelor (Honours) of Science (Advanced), University of Adelaide
- Doctor of Philosophy, University of Adelaide
- Postgraduate Diploma in Education, The University of Queensland
Research impacts
AP Stephan's research contributions are widely recognized in the international forensic anthropology space, especially in craniofacial identification and radiographic comparison. Carl's contributions result in, or assist, identifications around the globe and, in the USA, almost on a weekly basis.
A prime example of AP Stephan's research impact is regarding Chest X-Ray Comparison (CXR) protocols established directly from his applied research, which have been officially reviewed, approved and authorized by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense Health Affairs, USA Armed Forces Medical Examiner System (2017) to assist the DPAA mission of identifying fallen US Soldiers. Every few weeks these methods contribute to new and additional identifications of US fallen soldiers from the Korean War and World War II (and notably in cases where DNA identification cannot be used): https://www.dpaa.mil/News-Stories/ID-Announcements/.
Other casework impact includes skeletal analysis of individuals from mass graves in Iraq for the Regime Crimes Liaison Office (RCLO) via work for the Iraq Mass Graves Investigation Team (IMGT; 2005).
Carl holds a Scopus H-index of 30 (or 38 in Google Scholar), a total citation count of >2,300 (Scopus), and a SciVal Field-Weighted Citation Impact of 1.8 (last 10 years).
Works
Search Professor Carl Stephan’s works on UQ eSpace
2011
Journal Article
Skeletal identification by radiographic comparison: blind tests of a morphoscopic method using antemortem chest radiographs
Stephan, Carl N., Winburn, Allysha P., Christensen, Alexander F. and Tyrrell, Andrew J. T (2011). Skeletal identification by radiographic comparison: blind tests of a morphoscopic method using antemortem chest radiographs. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56 (2), 320-332. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01673.x
2010
Journal Article
The human masseter muscle and its biological correlates: A review of published data pertinent to face prediction
Stephan, Carl N. (2010). The human masseter muscle and its biological correlates: A review of published data pertinent to face prediction. Forensic Science International, 201 (1-3), 153-159. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.026
2010
Journal Article
The reproducibility of facial approximation accuracy results generated from photo-spread tests
Stephan, Carl N. and Cicolini, Jody (2010). The reproducibility of facial approximation accuracy results generated from photo-spread tests. Forensic Science International, 201 (1-3), 133-137. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.028
2009
Journal Article
The superficial temporal fat pad and its ramifications for temporalis muscle construction in facial approximation
Stephan, Carl N. and Devine, Matthew (2009). The superficial temporal fat pad and its ramifications for temporalis muscle construction in facial approximation. Forensic Science International, 191 (1-3), 70-79. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.016
2009
Journal Article
The accuracy of facial “reconstruction”: a review of the published data and their interpretive value
Stephan, C. N. (2009). The accuracy of facial “reconstruction”: a review of the published data and their interpretive value. Minerva Medicolegale, 129 (1), 47-60.
2009
Journal Article
Further Evidence on the Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball for Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition
Stephan, C. N., Huang, A. J. R. and Davidson, P. L. (2009). Further Evidence on the Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball for Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 54 (2), 267-269. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00982.x
2009
Book Chapter
Craniofacial identification: techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition
Stephan, Carl N (2009). Craniofacial identification: techniques of facial approximation and craniofacial superimposition. Handbook of Forensic Anthropogy and Archeaology. (pp. 304-321) edited by Soren Blau and Douglas H Ubelaker. Walnut Creek, CA, U.S.A.: Left Coast Press.
2008
Journal Article
The placement of the human eyeball and canthi in craniofacial identification
Stephan, Carl N. and Davidson, Paavi L. (2008). The placement of the human eyeball and canthi in craniofacial identification. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (3), 612-619. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00718.x
2008
Book Chapter
Methods of facial approximation and skull-face superimposition, with special consideration of method development in Australia
Stephan, Carl N., Taylor, Ronn G. and Taylor, Jane A. (2008). Methods of facial approximation and skull-face superimposition, with special consideration of method development in Australia. Forensic approaches to death, disaster and abuse. (pp. 133-154) edited by Marc Oxenham. Bowen Hills, QLD, Australia: Australian Academic Press.
2008
Journal Article
Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part II): An Analytical Review of the Published Sub-Adult Data
Stephan, Carl N. and Simpson, Ellie K. (2008). Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part II): An Analytical Review of the Published Sub-Adult Data. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (6), 1273-1279. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00853.x
2008
Journal Article
Measuring the accuracy of facial approximations: A comparative study of resemblance rating and face array methods
Stephan, Carl N. and Cicolini, Jody (2008). Measuring the accuracy of facial approximations: A comparative study of resemblance rating and face array methods. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (1), 58-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00622.x
2008
Journal Article
Mouth width prediction in craniofacial identification: cadaver tests of four recent methods, including two techniques for edentulous skulls
Stephan, C. N. and Murphy, S. J. (2008). Mouth width prediction in craniofacial identification: cadaver tests of four recent methods, including two techniques for edentulous skulls. Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology, 26 (1), 2-7.
2008
Journal Article
Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part I): An Analytical Review of the Published Adult Data
Stephan, Carl N. and Simpson, Ellie K. (2008). Facial Soft Tissue Depths in Craniofacial Identification (Part I): An Analytical Review of the Published Adult Data. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53 (6), 1257-1272. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00852.x
2006
Journal Article
Assessing facial approximation accuracy: How do resemblance ratings of disparate faces compare to recognition tests?
Stephan, C. N. and Arthur, R. S. (2006). Assessing facial approximation accuracy: How do resemblance ratings of disparate faces compare to recognition tests?. Forensic Science International, 159 (Suppl. 1), S159-S163. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.026
2006
Journal Article
Beyond the sphere of the English facial approximation literature: Ramifications of German papers on western method concepts
Stephan, Carl N. (2006). Beyond the sphere of the English facial approximation literature: Ramifications of German papers on western method concepts. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 51 (4), 736-739. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00175.x
2006
Journal Article
Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Australian adult cadavers
Domaracki, Monica and Stephan, Carl N. (2006). Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Australian adult cadavers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 51 (1), 5-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2005.00009.x
2006
Journal Article
Recognition by forensic facial approximation: Case specific examples and empirical tests
Stephan, C. N. and Henneberg, M. (2006). Recognition by forensic facial approximation: Case specific examples and empirical tests. Forensic Science International, 156 (2 & 3), 182-191. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.11.020
2005
Journal Article
Estimating eyeball protrusion from body height, interpupillary distance, and inter-orbital distance in adults
Stephan, C. N. and Swan, L. K. (2005). Estimating eyeball protrusion from body height, interpupillary distance, and inter-orbital distance in adults. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50 (4), 774-776. doi: 10.1520/JFS2004534
2005
Journal Article
Facial approximation: a review of the current state of play for archaeologists
Stephan, C. N. (2005). Facial approximation: a review of the current state of play for archaeologists. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 15 (4), 298-302. doi: 10.1002/oa.787
2005
Journal Article
Does sexual dimorphism in facial soft tissue depths justify sex distinction in craniofacial identification?
Stephan, C. N., Norris, R. M. and Henneberg, M. (2005). Does sexual dimorphism in facial soft tissue depths justify sex distinction in craniofacial identification?. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50 (3), 513-518. doi: 10.1520/JFS2004251
Funding
Past funding
Supervision
Availability
- Associate Professor Carl Stephan is:
- Available for supervision
Before you email them, read our advice on how to contact a supervisor.
Supervision history
Current supervision
-
Doctor Philosophy
Correlations of human facial soft tissue thickness with body mass in sub-adults and adults as revealed by lateral radiographs and MRI
Principal Advisor
-
Doctor Philosophy
Craniofacial Superimposition: Can Machine Learning Improve Focus Distance Estimation from Real-world Facial Photographs
Principal Advisor
Completed supervision
-
2021
Doctor Philosophy
Computerized Methods for De-Commingling Mixed Human Skeletal Assemblages: New Automated Approaches Using Centroid Banding
Principal Advisor
-
2018
Doctor Philosophy
Elliptical Fourier analysis of lateral skull profiles as a tool to aid skeletal identification
Principal Advisor
Media
Enquiries
For media enquiries about Associate Professor Carl Stephan's areas of expertise, story ideas and help finding experts, contact our Media team: