
Overview
Background
Martin is the Head of Physiotherapy within the School of Health and Rehabilitation Science. He teaches into both the undergraduate and graduate entry masters programs. In addition, Martin coordinates the clinical placements across both programs.
Martin has a passion for supporting physiotherapy students throughout their journey, from preclinical studies to clinical placements. He has developed a series of strategies to help support the diverse cohort in thriving as student physiotherapists and gaining a sense of belonging to the profession. Martin has been involved in several curriculum reviews that have focussed on enhancing the student experience, and has initiated strategies that have proactively and reactively supported students (such as student mentoring, early observational placements and student-staff activities). He has a particular passion for supporting students from a culturally and linguistically diverse background.
In research, Martin leads a laboratory investigating neuroplasticity. The human nervous system is no longer thought of has hard-wired, and is in fact capable of rapid change throughout life. This plasticity is important for learning, memory and recovery from brain injury. Martin is interested in using emerging brain stimulation and imaging techniques to "artificially" induce plasticity in the human brain, to ultimately improve the treatment outcomes for various neurological conditions, particularly stroke. These stimulation techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). A key current focus of Martin's research is investigating the link between sleep and neuroplasticity, and whether the beneficial aspects of sleep (for promoting neuroplasticity) can be artificially induced with brain stimulation.
He completed a BSc in 1994 and received a First Class Honours in Physiology in 1995 from the University of Adelaide. He then completed a Bachelor of Physiotherapy Degree at the University of South Australia. Returning to research in 2005, he undertook a PhD at the University of Adelaide, which he completed in 2009. He was named "Young Scientist of the Year" in 2007 as a result of his PhD research. He was awarded a University of Queensland Postdoctoral Fellowship in 2010, and then a NHMRC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in 2011 to investigate more intensely how the brains of stroke patients rewire. He has been awarded ~$4M in funding, principally from the NHMRC and US Department of Defence.
Availability
- Associate Professor Martin Sale is:
- Available for supervision
- Media expert
Fields of research
Qualifications
- Doctor of Philosophy, University of Adelaide
Research interests
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Neural oscillations and plasticity
Synchronous oscillations in brain activity are thought important in "binding" remote but functionally related brain regions. These oscillations also have a role in promoting the consolidation of plasticity. I am using brain stimulation to induce brain oscillations, and to determine whether these oscillations might promote more robust plasticity induction in human cortex.
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Improving hazard perception with brain stimulation
Safe and effective driving is reliant on our ability to quickly identify approaching hazards, such as other cars and pedestrians. Skilled drivers are more quickly able to identify hazards and avoid collisions. Our research is using non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance hazard perception to improve driving ability.
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Sleep-related brain oscillations, cognitive performance and brain stimulation
Sleep is characterised with many changes in brain function. One of these is in deep sleep which is associated with slow changes in brain excitability (slow wave sleep). This stage of sleep is important in memory consolidation and probably also for flushing out toxins that build up during the day. This project will investigate whether these slow oscillations can be induced in the awake brain using brain stimulation, and whether they can improve brain function in health and disease.
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Brain connectivity and brain stimulation
Understanding how the brain responds to local changes in cortical excitability is critical in improving our understanding brain function. I am interested in combining brain imaging (fMRI and EEG) and brain stimulation (TMS and tDCS) to probe the neural response to local perturbations in brain activity.
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Understanding the factors that influence neuroplasticity induction in humans
Neuroplasticity, a key mechanism responsible for learning, memory and recovery of brain function, can be induced experimentally with brain stimulation. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), I am interested in understanding the neural factors that might predict how individuals respond to plasticity induction
Research impacts
Understanding the neural correlates of plasticity, and how to boost these processes, promises to have profound economic and social impacts to our society. If we can harness the beneficial effects of plasticity, we might be able to improve stroke recovery, minimise the cognitive deficits in demential and Alzheimer's disease, and also understand how students should learn most effectively.
Works
Search Professor Martin Sale’s works on UQ eSpace
2012
Journal Article
Is there a critical lesion site for unilateral spatial neglect? A meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation
Molenberghs, Pascal, Sale, Martin V. and Mattingley, Jason B. (2012). Is there a critical lesion site for unilateral spatial neglect? A meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6 (APRIL 2012) 78, 1-10. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00078
2011
Journal Article
Testing for spatial neglect with line bisection and target cancellation: Are both tasks really unrelated?
Molenberghs, Pascal and Sale, Martin V. (2011). Testing for spatial neglect with line bisection and target cancellation: Are both tasks really unrelated?. Plos One, 6 (7) e23017, e23017-1-e23017-5. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023017
2011
Journal Article
Male human motor cortex stimulus-response characteristics are not altered by ageing
Smith, Ashleigh E., Sale, Martin V., Higgins, Ryan D., Wittert, Gary A. and Pitcher, Julia B. (2011). Male human motor cortex stimulus-response characteristics are not altered by ageing. Journal of Applied Physiology, 110 (1), 206-212. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00403.2010
2010
Journal Article
Pallidotomy does not ameliorate abnormal intracortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease
Sale, M. V., Nordstrom, M. A., Brophy, B. P. and Thompson, P. D. (2010). Pallidotomy does not ameliorate abnormal intracortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 17 (6), 711-716. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.09.038
2010
Journal Article
Circadian modulation of neuroplasticity in humans and potential therapeutic implications
Sale, M. V., Ridding, M. C. and Nordstrom, M. A. (2010). Circadian modulation of neuroplasticity in humans and potential therapeutic implications. Reviews In The Neurosciences, 21 (1), 55-66. doi: 10.1515/REVNEURO.2010.21.1.55
2007
Journal Article
Factors influencing the magnitude and reproducibility of corticomotor excitability changes induced by paired associative stimulation
Sale, Martin V., Ridding, Michael C. and Nordstrom, Michael A. (2007). Factors influencing the magnitude and reproducibility of corticomotor excitability changes induced by paired associative stimulation. Experimental Brain Research, 181 (4), 615-626. doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-0960-x
2006
Journal Article
Motor unit synchronization measured by cross-correlation is not increased by short-term strength training of a hand muscle
Kidgell, Dawson J., Sale, Martin V. and Semmler, John G. (2006). Motor unit synchronization measured by cross-correlation is not increased by short-term strength training of a hand muscle. Experimental Brain Research, 175 (4), 745-753. doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0724-z
2005
Journal Article
Age-related differences in corticospinal control during functional isometric contractions in left and right hands
Sale, Martin V. and Semmler, John G. (2005). Age-related differences in corticospinal control during functional isometric contractions in left and right hands. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99 (4), 1483-1493. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00371.2005
2004
Journal Article
Motor-unit coherence and its relation with synchrony are influenced by training
Semmler, John G., Sale, Martin V., Meyer, François G. and Nordstrom, Michael A. (2004). Motor-unit coherence and its relation with synchrony are influenced by training. Journal of Neurophysiology, 92 (6), 3320-3331. doi: 10.1152/jn.00316.2004
2001
Journal Article
Asymmetry of motor cortex excitability during a simple motor task: relationships with handedness and manual performance
Brouwer, Brenda, Sale, Martin V. and Nordstrom, Michael A. (2001). Asymmetry of motor cortex excitability during a simple motor task: relationships with handedness and manual performance. Experimental Brain Research, 138 (4), 467-476. doi: 10.1007/s002210100730
Funding
Past funding
Supervision
Availability
- Associate Professor Martin Sale is:
- Available for supervision
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Available projects
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Can slow wave oscillations improve cognition in mild cognitive impairment
Mild cognitive impairment is associated with impaired cognitition. Individuals with MCI are more likely to develop dementia later in life. It is well known that poor sleep can lead to cognitive decline and dementia. Sleep is characterised by a variety of neurophysiological changes in brain activity, including slow wave oscillations in brain activity. This project will investigate whether the application of artificial slow wave oscillations, via non-invasive brain stimulation, can mimic the beneficial aspects of sleep and improve cognition.
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Sleep deprivation, cognitive performance and brain stimulation
Sleep deprivation leads to profound impairments in brain function. This project will investigate whether non-invasive brain stimulation, applied to mimic sleep-like processes, can improve cognitive and motor performance, without the need for sleep.
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Improving hazard perception with brain stimulation
Safe and effective driving is reliant on our ability to quickly identify approaching hazards, such as other cars and pedestrians. Skilled drivers are more quickly able to identify hazards and avoid collisions. Our research is using non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance hazard perception to improve driver safety.
Supervision history
Current supervision
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Doctor Philosophy
Exploring the experiences of clinical based learning and transition to clinical practice for physiotherapy students from a culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background with a view to informing better student, university and clinical placement practices
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Roma Forbes
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Doctor Philosophy
The Cognitive and Neural Bases of Creative Thought
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Melody Mei Yan Chan, Professor Gail Robinson
Completed supervision
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2025
Doctor Philosophy
Sleep, plasticity, and non-invasive brain stimulation
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Cassandra Pattinson, Dr Nicholas Bland
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2024
Doctor Philosophy
Modulating Neural Oscillations Using Rhythmic Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Nicholas Bland
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2022
Doctor Philosophy
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Hazard Perception Ability
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Mark Horswill
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2019
Doctor Philosophy
Oscillating neural networks: Perspectives from rhythmic brain stimulation
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Jason Mattingley
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2019
Master Philosophy
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Timing in Motor Control
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Ross Cunnington
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2017
Doctor Philosophy
Electrophysiological Analyses of Sleep States in Drosophila
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Bruno van Swinderen
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2017
Doctor Philosophy
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an Intervention for Higher-Level Language Production Deficits in Normal Ageing and Neurodegeneration
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Gail Robinson
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2015
Doctor Philosophy
Is plasticity in the human motor cortices altered in healthy older adults?
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Jason Mattingley
Media
Enquiries
Contact Associate Professor Martin Sale directly for media enquiries about:
- ageing
- brain doping
- brain imaging
- brain stimulation
- EEG
- neurorehabilitation
- neuroscience
- physiotherapy
- plasticity
- sleep
- stroke
- training
- transcranial direct current stimulation
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation
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