
Overview
Background
Martin is the Head of Physiotherapy within the School of Health and Rehabilitation Science. He teaches into both the undergraduate and graduate entry masters programs. In addition, Martin coordinates the clinical placements across both programs.
Martin has a passion for supporting physiotherapy students throughout their journey, from preclinical studies to clinical placements. He has developed a series of strategies to help support the diverse cohort in thriving as student physiotherapists and gaining a sense of belonging to the profession. Martin has been involved in several curriculum reviews that have focussed on enhancing the student experience, and has initiated strategies that have proactively and reactively supported students (such as student mentoring, early observational placements and student-staff activities). He has a particular passion for supporting students from a culturally and linguistically diverse background.
In research, Martin leads a laboratory investigating neuroplasticity. The human nervous system is no longer thought of has hard-wired, and is in fact capable of rapid change throughout life. This plasticity is important for learning, memory and recovery from brain injury. Martin is interested in using emerging brain stimulation and imaging techniques to "artificially" induce plasticity in the human brain, to ultimately improve the treatment outcomes for various neurological conditions, particularly stroke. These stimulation techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). A key current focus of Martin's research is investigating the link between sleep and neuroplasticity, and whether the beneficial aspects of sleep (for promoting neuroplasticity) can be artificially induced with brain stimulation.
He completed a BSc in 1994 and received a First Class Honours in Physiology in 1995 from the University of Adelaide. He then completed a Bachelor of Physiotherapy Degree at the University of South Australia. Returning to research in 2005, he undertook a PhD at the University of Adelaide, which he completed in 2009. He was named "Young Scientist of the Year" in 2007 as a result of his PhD research. He was awarded a University of Queensland Postdoctoral Fellowship in 2010, and then a NHMRC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in 2011 to investigate more intensely how the brains of stroke patients rewire. He has been awarded ~$4M in funding, principally from the NHMRC and US Department of Defence.
Availability
- Associate Professor Martin Sale is:
- Available for supervision
- Media expert
Fields of research
Qualifications
- Doctor of Philosophy, University of Adelaide
Research interests
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Neural oscillations and plasticity
Synchronous oscillations in brain activity are thought important in "binding" remote but functionally related brain regions. These oscillations also have a role in promoting the consolidation of plasticity. I am using brain stimulation to induce brain oscillations, and to determine whether these oscillations might promote more robust plasticity induction in human cortex.
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Improving hazard perception with brain stimulation
Safe and effective driving is reliant on our ability to quickly identify approaching hazards, such as other cars and pedestrians. Skilled drivers are more quickly able to identify hazards and avoid collisions. Our research is using non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance hazard perception to improve driving ability.
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Sleep-related brain oscillations, cognitive performance and brain stimulation
Sleep is characterised with many changes in brain function. One of these is in deep sleep which is associated with slow changes in brain excitability (slow wave sleep). This stage of sleep is important in memory consolidation and probably also for flushing out toxins that build up during the day. This project will investigate whether these slow oscillations can be induced in the awake brain using brain stimulation, and whether they can improve brain function in health and disease.
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Brain connectivity and brain stimulation
Understanding how the brain responds to local changes in cortical excitability is critical in improving our understanding brain function. I am interested in combining brain imaging (fMRI and EEG) and brain stimulation (TMS and tDCS) to probe the neural response to local perturbations in brain activity.
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Understanding the factors that influence neuroplasticity induction in humans
Neuroplasticity, a key mechanism responsible for learning, memory and recovery of brain function, can be induced experimentally with brain stimulation. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), I am interested in understanding the neural factors that might predict how individuals respond to plasticity induction
Research impacts
Understanding the neural correlates of plasticity, and how to boost these processes, promises to have profound economic and social impacts to our society. If we can harness the beneficial effects of plasticity, we might be able to improve stroke recovery, minimise the cognitive deficits in demential and Alzheimer's disease, and also understand how students should learn most effectively.
Works
Search Professor Martin Sale’s works on UQ eSpace
2018
Journal Article
Neural oscillations and the initiation of voluntary movement
Armstrong, Samuel, Sale, Martin V. and Cunnington, Ross (2018). Neural oscillations and the initiation of voluntary movement. Frontiers in Psychology, 9 (DEC) 2509, 2509. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02509
2018
Journal Article
Improved conceptual generation and selection with transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults
Madden, Daniel, Sale, Martin Victor and Robinson, Gail A. (2018). Improved conceptual generation and selection with transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults. Neuropsychology, Development and Cognition. Section A: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 41 (1), 1-15. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1491529
2018
Journal Article
Age-related differences in idea generation and selection for propositional language
Madden, Daniel L., Sale, Martin V. and Robinson, Gail A. (2018). Age-related differences in idea generation and selection for propositional language. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 26 (4), 1-21. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2018.1476668
2018
Journal Article
No evidence for phase-specific effects of 40 Hz HD–tACS on multiple object tracking
Bland, Nicholas S., Mattingley, Jason B. and Sale, Martin V. (2018). No evidence for phase-specific effects of 40 Hz HD–tACS on multiple object tracking. Frontiers in Psychology, 9 (304) 304, 304. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00304
2017
Journal Article
Corticospinal plasticity in bilateral primary motor cortices induced by paired associative stimulation to the dominant hemisphere does not differ between young and older adults
Dickins, Daina S. E., Kamke, Marc R. and Sale, Martin V. (2017). Corticospinal plasticity in bilateral primary motor cortices induced by paired associative stimulation to the dominant hemisphere does not differ between young and older adults. Neural Plasticity, 2017 8319049, 8319049-14. doi: 10.1155/2017/8319049
2017
Journal Article
Brain changes following four weeks of unimanual motor training: Evidence from fMRI-guided diffusion MRI tractography
Reid, Lee B., Sale, Martin V., Cunnington, Ross, Mattingley, Jason B. and Rose, Stephen E. (2017). Brain changes following four weeks of unimanual motor training: Evidence from fMRI-guided diffusion MRI tractography. Human Brain Mapping, 38 (9), 4302-4312. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23514
2016
Journal Article
A hierarchy of timescales explains distinct effects of local inhibition of primary visual cortex and frontal eye fields
Cocchi, Luca, Sale, Martin V., Gollo, Leonardo L., Bell, Peter T., Nguyen, Vinh T., Zalesky, Andrew, Breakspear, Michael and Mattingley, Jason B. (2016). A hierarchy of timescales explains distinct effects of local inhibition of primary visual cortex and frontal eye fields. eLife, 5 (Se) e15252. doi: 10.7554/eLife.15252
2016
Journal Article
Associative plasticity in the human motor cortex is enhanced by concurrently targeting separate muscle representations with excitatory and inhibitory protocols
Kamke, Marc R., Nydam, Abbey S., Sale, Martin V. and Mattingley, Jason B. (2016). Associative plasticity in the human motor cortex is enhanced by concurrently targeting separate muscle representations with excitatory and inhibitory protocols. Journal of Neurophysiology, 115 (4), 2191-2198. doi: 10.1152/jn.00794.2015
2016
Journal Article
Different stimulation frequencies alter synchronous fluctuations in motor evoked potential amplitude of intrinsic hand muscles- a TMS study
Sale, Martin V., Rogasch, Nigel C. and Nordstrom, Michael A. (2016). Different stimulation frequencies alter synchronous fluctuations in motor evoked potential amplitude of intrinsic hand muscles- a TMS study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10 (MAR2016) 100, e100.1-e100.9. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00100
2016
Other Outputs
Structural and functional brain changes following four weeks of unimanual motor training: evidence from behaviour, neural stimulation, cortical thickness and functional MRI
Sale, Martin V., Reid, Lee B., Cocchi, Luca, Pagnozzi, Alex M., Rose, Stephen E. and Mattingley, Jason B. (2016). Structural and functional brain changes following four weeks of unimanual motor training: evidence from behaviour, neural stimulation, cortical thickness and functional MRI.
2016
Other Outputs
Structural and functional brain changes following four weeks of unimanual motor training: evidence from fMRI-guided diffusion MRI tractography
Reid, Lee B., Sale, Martin V., Cunnington, Ross, Mattingley, Jason B. and Rose, Stephen E. (2016). Structural and functional brain changes following four weeks of unimanual motor training: evidence from fMRI-guided diffusion MRI tractography.
2015
Journal Article
Intermanual transfer and bilateral cortical plasticity is maintained in older adults after skilled motor training with simple and complex tasks
Dickins, Daina S. E., Sale, Martin V. and Kamke, Marc R. (2015). Intermanual transfer and bilateral cortical plasticity is maintained in older adults after skilled motor training with simple and complex tasks. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 7 (APR) 73, 1-12. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00073
2015
Journal Article
Dissociable effects of local inhibitory and excitatory theta-burst stimulation on large-scale brain dynamics
Cocchi, Luca, Sale, Martin V., Lord, Anton, Zalesky, Andrew, Breakspear, Michael and Mattingley, Jason B. (2015). Dissociable effects of local inhibitory and excitatory theta-burst stimulation on large-scale brain dynamics. Journal of Neurophysiology, 113 (9), 3375-3385. doi: 10.1152/jn.00850.2014
2015
Journal Article
Increased intracortical inhibition in elderly adults with anterior-posterior current flow: a TMS study
Sale, Martin V., Lavender, Andrew P., Opie, George M., Nordstrom, Michael A. and Semmler, John G. (2015). Increased intracortical inhibition in elderly adults with anterior-posterior current flow: a TMS study. Clinical Neurophysiology, 127 (1), 635-640. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.04.062
2015
Journal Article
Plasticity induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation in bilateral motor cortices is not altered in older adults
Dickins, Daina S. E., Sale, Martin V. and Kamke, Marc R. (2015). Plasticity induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation in bilateral motor cortices is not altered in older adults. Neural Plasticity, 2015 (323409) 323409, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2015/323409
2015
Conference Publication
Spatial attention influences plasticity induction in the motor cortex
Kamke, Marc, Ryan, Alexander, Sale, Martin, Campbell, Megan, Riek, Stephan, Carroll, Timothy and Mattingley, Jason (2015). Spatial attention influences plasticity induction in the motor cortex. XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, QLD, United States, 27-31 July 2014. Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Research Foundation. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00258
2014
Journal Article
Visual spatial attention has opposite effects on bidirectional plasticity in the human motor cortex
Kamke, Marc R., Ryan, Alexander E., Sale, Martin V., Campbell, Megan E. J., Riek, Stephan, Carroll, Timothy J. and Mattingley, Jason B. (2014). Visual spatial attention has opposite effects on bidirectional plasticity in the human motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 34 (4), 1475-1480. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1595-13.2014
2013
Journal Article
Selective enhancement of motor cortical plasticity by observed mirror-matched actions
Sale, Martin V. and Mattingley, Jason B. (2013). Selective enhancement of motor cortical plasticity by observed mirror-matched actions. Neuroimage, 74, 30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.009
2013
Journal Article
Time of day does not modulate improvements in motor performance following a repetitive ballistic motor training task
Sale, Martin V., Ridding, Michael C. and Nordstrom, Michael A. (2013). Time of day does not modulate improvements in motor performance following a repetitive ballistic motor training task. Neural Plasticity, 2013 396865, 396865.1-396865.9. doi: 10.1155/2013/396865
2012
Journal Article
Visual attentional load influences plasticity in the human motor cortex
Kamke, Marc R., Hall, Michelle G., Lye, Hayley F., Sale, Martin V., Fenlon, Laura R., Carroll, Timothy J., Riek, Stephen and Mattingley, Jason B. (2012). Visual attentional load influences plasticity in the human motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 32 (20), 7001-7008. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1028-12.2012
Funding
Past funding
Supervision
Availability
- Associate Professor Martin Sale is:
- Available for supervision
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Available projects
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Can slow wave oscillations improve cognition in mild cognitive impairment
Mild cognitive impairment is associated with impaired cognitition. Individuals with MCI are more likely to develop dementia later in life. It is well known that poor sleep can lead to cognitive decline and dementia. Sleep is characterised by a variety of neurophysiological changes in brain activity, including slow wave oscillations in brain activity. This project will investigate whether the application of artificial slow wave oscillations, via non-invasive brain stimulation, can mimic the beneficial aspects of sleep and improve cognition.
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Sleep deprivation, cognitive performance and brain stimulation
Sleep deprivation leads to profound impairments in brain function. This project will investigate whether non-invasive brain stimulation, applied to mimic sleep-like processes, can improve cognitive and motor performance, without the need for sleep.
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Improving hazard perception with brain stimulation
Safe and effective driving is reliant on our ability to quickly identify approaching hazards, such as other cars and pedestrians. Skilled drivers are more quickly able to identify hazards and avoid collisions. Our research is using non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance hazard perception to improve driver safety.
Supervision history
Current supervision
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Doctor Philosophy
Exploring the experiences of clinical based learning and transition to clinical practice for physiotherapy students from a culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background with a view to informing better student, university and clinical placement practices
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Roma Forbes
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Doctor Philosophy
The Cognitive and Neural Bases of Creative Thought
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Melody Mei Yan Chan, Professor Gail Robinson
Completed supervision
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2025
Doctor Philosophy
Sleep, plasticity, and non-invasive brain stimulation
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Cassandra Pattinson, Dr Nicholas Bland
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2024
Doctor Philosophy
Modulating Neural Oscillations Using Rhythmic Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Nicholas Bland
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2022
Doctor Philosophy
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Hazard Perception Ability
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Mark Horswill
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2019
Doctor Philosophy
Oscillating neural networks: Perspectives from rhythmic brain stimulation
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Jason Mattingley
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2019
Master Philosophy
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Timing in Motor Control
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Ross Cunnington
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2017
Doctor Philosophy
Electrophysiological Analyses of Sleep States in Drosophila
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Bruno van Swinderen
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2017
Doctor Philosophy
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an Intervention for Higher-Level Language Production Deficits in Normal Ageing and Neurodegeneration
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Gail Robinson
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2015
Doctor Philosophy
Is plasticity in the human motor cortices altered in healthy older adults?
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Jason Mattingley
Media
Enquiries
Contact Associate Professor Martin Sale directly for media enquiries about:
- ageing
- brain doping
- brain imaging
- brain stimulation
- EEG
- neurorehabilitation
- neuroscience
- physiotherapy
- plasticity
- sleep
- stroke
- training
- transcranial direct current stimulation
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation
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