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Associate Professor Carl Stephan
Associate Professor

Carl Stephan

Email: 
Phone: 
+61 7 336 57485

Overview

Background

Assoc. Prof. Stephan is an anatomist and forensic anthropologist with research interests in skeletal analysis and identification in the medicolegal setting. Specifcally these research interests include: craniofacial identification, radiographic comparison, trauma, unmingling of skeletons, biological profile estimations and standards of practice. Carl heads the Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification (HuCS-ID Lab), and is Chief Anatomist at The University of Queensland (UQ) School of Anatomy.

Carl is a Fellow of The American Academy of Forensic Sciences and recent past President of the International Association of Craniofacial Identification. Carl served as Special Issue Managing Guest Editor for Forensic Science International, Latest Progress in Craniofacial Identification, 2018. He has been Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Forensic Sciences (2013-23) and Associate Editor of Forensic Anthropology (2016-20). Carl founded the SBMS Skeletal Collection and Skeletisation Program at UQ in late 2014, re-energising forensic osteology within the UQ School of Anatomy and more broadly within the School of Biomedical Sciences.

Carl's prior appointments include forensic anthropology analyst with the Iraq Mass Graves Investigation Team (USA Army Corps of Engineers on behalf of the USA Department of Justice) and ORISE researcher at the USA Department of Defence Central Identification Laboratory in Hawaii. He often now serves as an external consultant to the USA Defence POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA). At UQ and as Chief Anatomist and School of Anatomy manager, Carl works very closely with the SBMS Gross Anatomy Facility, in all matters of anatomy teaching, research and governance management.

Working in joint with the GAF Manager, Carl has cross adapted ISO17025 style practices and auditing procedures to the UQ School of Anatomy space and introduced the first Code-of-Practice for Use of Human Tissues within the UQ School of Anatomy since its inauguration (1927). These accreditation-style policies and procedures are further implemented and expanded in the HuCS-ID Lab, providing vital learning experiences and skill sets for Honours and Higher Research Degree students wanting to pursue careers in forensic science. New data analytic, casework and research tools developed by the HuCS-ID Lab and in the statistical environment of R, are freely and routinely released for others to use at the website: CRANIOFACIALidentification.com.

Carl's research outputs currently exceed 100 total scientific publications, including more than 85 full-length research articles..

Availability

Associate Professor Carl Stephan is:
Available for supervision

Qualifications

  • Bachelor of Science, University of Adelaide
  • Bachelor (Honours) of Science (Advanced), University of Adelaide
  • Doctor of Philosophy, University of Adelaide
  • Postgraduate Diploma in Education, The University of Queensland

Research impacts

AP Stephan's research contributions are widely recognized in the international forensic anthropology space, especially in craniofacial identification and radiographic comparison. Carl's contributions result in, or assist, identifications around the globe and, in the USA, almost on a weekly basis.

A prime example of AP Stephan's research impact is regarding Chest X-Ray Comparison (CXR) protocols established directly from his applied research, which have been officially reviewed, approved and authorized by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense Health Affairs, USA Armed Forces Medical Examiner System (2017) to assist the DPAA mission of identifying fallen US Soldiers. Every few weeks these methods contribute to new and additional identifications of US fallen soldiers from the Korean War and World War II (and notably in cases where DNA identification cannot be used): https://www.dpaa.mil/News-Stories/News-Releases/.

Other casework impact includes skeletal analysis of individuals from mass graves in Iraq for the Regime Crimes Liaison Office (RCLO) via work for the Iraq Mass Graves Investigation Team (IMGT; 2005).

Carl holds a Scopus H-index of 30 (or 36 in Google Scholar), a total citation count of >2,100 (Scopus), and a SciVal Field-Weighted Citation Impact of 1.8 (last 10 years).

Works

Search Professor Carl Stephan’s works on UQ eSpace

94 works between 2001 and 2024

1 - 20 of 94 works

2024

Journal Article

The Critical Photographic Variables Contributing to Skull-Face Superimposition Methods to Assist Forensic Identification of Skeletons: A Review

Healy, Sean S. and Stephan, Carl N. (2024). The Critical Photographic Variables Contributing to Skull-Face Superimposition Methods to Assist Forensic Identification of Skeletons: A Review. Journal of Imaging, 10 (1) 17, 17. doi: 10.3390/jimaging10010017

The Critical Photographic Variables Contributing to Skull-Face Superimposition Methods to Assist Forensic Identification of Skeletons: A Review

2023

Journal Article

Cervicothoracic junction in disaster victim identification: Idiosyncrasies and relevance of body position for advanced chest radiograph comparisons

Stephan, Carl N., Caple, Jodi M., D’Alonzo Jaques, Susan S. and Byrd, John E. (2023). Cervicothoracic junction in disaster victim identification: Idiosyncrasies and relevance of body position for advanced chest radiograph comparisons. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 69 (5), 1587-1603. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.15436

Cervicothoracic junction in disaster victim identification: Idiosyncrasies and relevance of body position for advanced chest radiograph comparisons

2023

Journal Article

Global facial soft tissue thicknesses for craniofacial identification (2023): a review of 140 years of data since Welcker’s first study

Hona, Te Wai Pounamu T. and Stephan, Carl N. (2023). Global facial soft tissue thicknesses for craniofacial identification (2023): a review of 140 years of data since Welcker’s first study. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 138 (2) ARTN s00414-023-03087-x, 519-535. doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-03087-x

Global facial soft tissue thicknesses for craniofacial identification (2023): a review of 140 years of data since Welcker’s first study

2023

Journal Article

Perspective distortion tolerances and skull-face registration in craniofacial superimposition: an analytical review

Healy, Sean S. and Stephan, Carl N. (2023). Perspective distortion tolerances and skull-face registration in craniofacial superimposition: an analytical review. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 137 (6), 1767-1776. doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-03081-3

Perspective distortion tolerances and skull-face registration in craniofacial superimposition: an analytical review

2023

Journal Article

Focus distance estimation from photographed faces: a test of PerspectiveX using 1709 frontal and profile photographs from DSLR and smartphone cameras

Healy, Sean S. and Stephan, Carl N. (2023). Focus distance estimation from photographed faces: a test of PerspectiveX using 1709 frontal and profile photographs from DSLR and smartphone cameras. International journal of legal medicineInternational Journal of Legal Medicine, 137 (6), 1907-1920. doi: 10.1007/s00414-023-03078-y

Focus distance estimation from photographed faces: a test of PerspectiveX using 1709 frontal and profile photographs from DSLR and smartphone cameras

2023

Conference Publication

Understanding childhood growth: A pilot study of facial soft tissue thicknesses and body mass relationships in children aged 13-17 years

Hona, Te Wai Pounamu T. and Stephan, Carl N. (2023). Understanding childhood growth: A pilot study of facial soft tissue thicknesses and body mass relationships in children aged 13-17 years. HOBOKEN: WILEY.

Understanding childhood growth: A pilot study of facial soft tissue thicknesses and body mass relationships in children aged 13-17 years

2023

Conference Publication

Data sharing and repositories in the craniofacial identification domain: the collaborative facial soft tissue depth data store (C-Table)

Stephan, Carl, Guyomarc'h, Pierre and Hona, Te Wai Pounamu (2023). Data sharing and repositories in the craniofacial identification domain: the collaborative facial soft tissue depth data store (C-Table). 92nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Biological Anthropologists, Reno, NV, United States, 19-22 April 2023. Hoboken, NJ, United States: Wiley.

Data sharing and repositories in the craniofacial identification domain: the collaborative facial soft tissue depth data store (C-Table)

2022

Journal Article

Cephalometric landmark standards and recent trends in craniofacial identification (2018-22): avoiding imposters by describing variant landmarks as supplemental

Hona, Te Wai Pounamu T. and Stephan, Carl N. (2022). Cephalometric landmark standards and recent trends in craniofacial identification (2018-22): avoiding imposters by describing variant landmarks as supplemental. Forensic Imaging, 31 200525, 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fri.2022.200525

Cephalometric landmark standards and recent trends in craniofacial identification (2018-22): avoiding imposters by describing variant landmarks as supplemental

2022

Journal Article

Craniofacial superimposition: a review of focus distance estimation methods and an extension to profile view photographs

Stephan, Carl N., Healy, Sean, Bultitude, Hamish and Glen, Chris (2022). Craniofacial superimposition: a review of focus distance estimation methods and an extension to profile view photographs. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 136 (6), 1697-1716. doi: 10.1007/s00414-022-02871-5

Craniofacial superimposition: a review of focus distance estimation methods and an extension to profile view photographs

2022

Journal Article

Infracranial radiographic comparison for human identification: a study of image quality and tissue shielding effects

Hona, Te Wai Pounamu T., Byrd, John E. and Stephan, Carl N. (2022). Infracranial radiographic comparison for human identification: a study of image quality and tissue shielding effects. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 67 (3), 854-867. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14961

Infracranial radiographic comparison for human identification: a study of image quality and tissue shielding effects

2021

Journal Article

Infra‐cranial radiographic comparison for human identification: a study of analyst expertise

Hona, Te Wai Pounamu T., Olditch, Chelsea, Byrd, John E. and Stephan, Carl N. (2021). Infra‐cranial radiographic comparison for human identification: a study of analyst expertise. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 66 (6), 2126-2137. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14863

Infra‐cranial radiographic comparison for human identification: a study of analyst expertise

2021

Journal Article

Scientific estimation of the subject-to-camera distance from facial photographs for craniofacial superimposition

Stephan, C.N. and Armstrong, B. (2021). Scientific estimation of the subject-to-camera distance from facial photographs for craniofacial superimposition. Forensic Science International: Reports, 4 100238, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100238

Scientific estimation of the subject-to-camera distance from facial photographs for craniofacial superimposition

2021

Journal Article

Next‐generation osteometric sorting: using 3D shape, elliptical Fourier analysis, and Hausdorff distance to optimize osteological pair‐matching

Fancourt, Hayley S. M., Lynch, Jeffrey J., Byrd, John E. and Stephan, Carl N. (2021). Next‐generation osteometric sorting: using 3D shape, elliptical Fourier analysis, and Hausdorff distance to optimize osteological pair‐matching. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 66 (3), 821-836. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14681

Next‐generation osteometric sorting: using 3D shape, elliptical Fourier analysis, and Hausdorff distance to optimize osteological pair‐matching

2021

Journal Article

The dubious practice of sensationalizing anatomical dissection (and death) in the humanities literature

Stephan, Carl N. and Fisk, Wesley (2021). The dubious practice of sensationalizing anatomical dissection (and death) in the humanities literature. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 18 (2), 221-228. doi: 10.1007/s11673-021-10095-2

The dubious practice of sensationalizing anatomical dissection (and death) in the humanities literature

2020

Journal Article

B‐mode ultrasound measurement of facial soft tissue thickness for craniofacial identification: a standardized approach

Meikle, Brandon and Stephan, Carl N. (2020). B‐mode ultrasound measurement of facial soft tissue thickness for craniofacial identification: a standardized approach. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 65 (3), 939-947. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14230

B‐mode ultrasound measurement of facial soft tissue thickness for craniofacial identification: a standardized approach

2019

Journal Article

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in craniofacial identification: data collection protocols and associated measurement errors

Stephan, C.N., Meikle, B., Freudenstein, N., Taylor, R. and Claes, P. (2019). Facial soft tissue thicknesses in craniofacial identification: data collection protocols and associated measurement errors. Forensic Science International, 304 109965, 109965. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109965

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in craniofacial identification: data collection protocols and associated measurement errors

2019

Journal Article

Authors’ response

Stephan, Carl N. and Ross, Ann H. (2019). Authors’ response. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 64 (5), 1579-1582. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14079

Authors’ response

2019

Book Chapter

Skeletal evidence of sharp-force disarticulation and tissue flensing in 54 cases exhibiting approximately 4200 bone strike injuries

Stephan, Carl N., Caple, Jodi M., Atkins, Jen G., Lynch, Jeffrey J., Meikle, Brandon and Fisk, Wes (2019). Skeletal evidence of sharp-force disarticulation and tissue flensing in 54 cases exhibiting approximately 4200 bone strike injuries. Dismemberments: Perspectives in Forensic Anthropology and Legal Medicine. (pp. 133-154) edited by Ann H. Ross and Eugénia Cunha. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811912-9.00009-5

Skeletal evidence of sharp-force disarticulation and tissue flensing in 54 cases exhibiting approximately 4200 bone strike injuries

2018

Journal Article

An overview of the latest developments in facial imaging

Stephan, Carl N., Caple, Jodi M., Guyomarc’h, Pierre and Claes, Peter (2018). An overview of the latest developments in facial imaging. Forensic Sciences Research, 4 (1), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/20961790.2018.1519892

An overview of the latest developments in facial imaging

2018

Journal Article

Computational tools in forensic anthropology: the value for open source licensing as a standard

Lynch, Jeffrey James and Stephan, Carl N. (2018). Computational tools in forensic anthropology: the value for open source licensing as a standard. Forensic Anthropology, 1 (4), 228-243.

Computational tools in forensic anthropology: the value for open source licensing as a standard

Funding

Past funding

  • 2019
    Advanced Brightfield and Fluorescent High Speed and Throughput Slide Scanner for biological, medical, materials science, and agricultural applications
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2016 - 2018
    A fully computerized method of osteometric sorting for pairwise comparisons in large assemblages
    American Academy of Forensic Sciences
    Open grant

Supervision

Availability

Associate Professor Carl Stephan is:
Available for supervision

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Supervision history

Current supervision

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Craniofacial Superimposition: Can Machine Learning Improve Focus Distance Estimation from Real-world Facial Photographs

    Principal Advisor

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Correlations of human facial soft tissue thickness with body mass in sub-adults and adults as revealed by lateral radiographs and MRI

    Principal Advisor

Completed supervision

Media

Enquiries

For media enquiries about Associate Professor Carl Stephan's areas of expertise, story ideas and help finding experts, contact our Media team:

communications@uq.edu.au