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Professor Ben Hankamer
Professor

Ben Hankamer

Email: 
Phone: 
+61 7 334 62012
Mobile: 
0434 603 137

Overview

Background

Centre for Solar Biotechnology: Prof Ben Hankamer is the founding director of the Solar Biofuels Consortium (2007) and Centre for Solar Biotechnology (2016) which is focused on developing next generation microalgae systems. These systems are designed to tap into the huge energy resource of the sun (>2300x global energy demand) and capture CO2 to produce a wide-range of products. These include solar fuels (e.g. H2 from water, oil, methane and ethanol), foods (e.g. health foods) and high value products (e.g. vaccines produced in algae). Microalgae systems also support important eco-services such as water purification and CO2 sequestration. The Centre is being launched in 2016/2017 and includes approximately 30 teams with skills ranging from genome sequencing through to demonstration systems optimsation and accompanying techno-economis and life cycle analysis. The Centre teams have worked extensively with industry.

Structural Biology: The photosynthetic machinery is the biological interface of microalgae that taps into the huge energy resource of the sun, powers the biosphere and produces the atmospheric oxygen that supports life on Earth. My team uses high resolution single particle analysis and electron tomography to solve the intricate 3D architecture of the photosynthetic machinery to enable structure guided design of high efficiency microalgae cell lines and advanced artificial solar fuel systems.

Availability

Professor Ben Hankamer is:
Available for supervision
Media expert

Qualifications

  • Bachelor (Honours) of Science (Advanced), University of Liverpool
  • Masters (Coursework) of Science, University College London
  • Doctor of Philosophy, University College London

Research interests

  • The Structural Biology of Photosynthesis

    Algae cells have evolved over ~3 billion years of natural selection to yield a diverse array of highly efficient, self-assembling, light-responsive membranes. These act as Nature’s solar interfaces, via which plants tap into the power of the sun. These interfaces contain nano-machinery to drive the photosynthetic light reactions which convert light from the sun into food, fuel and atmospheric oxygen to support life on Earth. This photosynthetic machinery is intricately arranged in 3D and has evolved to adjust dynamically (i.e. 4D: 3D & time) to changing light conditions to achieve optimal efficiency of solar energy conversion. Structural biology, in the form of cryo- electron microscopy, electron tomography, and single particle analysis therefore provide critical insights into this process and will increasingly facilitates structure guided design of new solar fuel systems.

  • Micro-algae biotechnology

    Algae tap into the power of the sun (> 2300 x total global energy demand) to produce biomass for CO2 water and nutrients. Consequently microalgae can be used for the following High value foods and pharmaceuticals: To develop algae based systems for the production of foods/nutraceuticals, vaccines, peptide therapeutics, novel antibiotics in algae. Reef protection/Bioremediation: To develop algae based bioremediation technologies (e.g. minimising nutrient runoff to the reef; phytomining). Solar Fuels: To develop economic algae based and bio-inspired solar fuel systems (e.g. solar power H2 from water for fuel cells).

Research impacts

The Challenge: The global economy is valued at ~$114 Tn pa and is powered by the $6 Tn energy sector. 80% of global energy is used as fuels (only ~20% as electricity).

By 2050, expansion of the human population to > 9 billion people and continued global economic growth, will necessitate 50% more energy (International Energy Agency), 70% more food (UN), 50% more fresh water (OECD) and CO2 emissions cuts of 80% (IPCC) to maintain political, social, fuel and climate security.

Microalgae systems sit at the nexus of this challenge. They are rapidly growing microscopic solar driven ‘cell factories’ which can capture sunlight and CO2 and can grow in saline/low grade water to reduce greenhouse gas emission and produce O2, clean water and biomass. Depending on the species and process used, this bimass can yield a wide range of products. At the high value end micoalgae can be used to produce pharmaeutical and health food products such as omega-3 fatty acids and anti-oxidants. As systems and economic efficiencies are improved they can supply much larger commodity markets including renewable fuels as well as bioplastics and ‘green-chemical’ feedstocks.

Australia is uniquely positioned to benefit from such work on tackling the challenge of delivering cost-competitive solar fuel systems. It has vast lands, abundant solar irradiation, saline water resources and excellent infrastructure.

Our parallel structural biology work is focused on generating detailed molecular blueprints of photosynthetic interfaces, refined over 3 billion years of evolution, and to apply these design principles to the development of high-efficiency algal and bio-inspired artificial solar fuel systems at pilot-scale. This will benefit society by reducing its reliance on fossil fuels, and provide the basis for sustainable, long-term economic development.

Works

Search Professor Ben Hankamer’s works on UQ eSpace

159 works between 1990 and 2024

141 - 159 of 159 works

1998

Journal Article

A common ancestor for photosystems I and II

Rhee, K. H., Morris, E. P., Zheleva, D., Hankamer, B., Kuhibrandt, W. and Barber, J. (1998). A common ancestor for photosystems I and II. Trends in Plant Science, 3 (1)

A common ancestor for photosystems I and II

1998

Conference Publication

Three-dimensional structure of the spinach photosystem II core complex

Nield, J, Orlova, E, Hankamer, B, Dorner, W, Barber, J and van Heel, M (1998). Three-dimensional structure of the spinach photosystem II core complex. 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Cancun Mexico, Aug 31-Sep 04, 1998. BRISTOL: IOP PUBLISHING LTD.

Three-dimensional structure of the spinach photosystem II core complex

1998

Conference Publication

Cryoelectron microscopy of photosystem two shows that CP43 and CP47 are located on opposite sides of the D1/D2 reaction center proteins

Hankamer, B, Morris, EP and Barber, J (1998). Cryoelectron microscopy of photosystem two shows that CP43 and CP47 are located on opposite sides of the D1/D2 reaction center proteins. XIth International Congress on Photosynthesis - Mechanisms and Effects, Budapest Hungary, Aug 17-22, 1998. DORDRECHT: SPRINGER.

Cryoelectron microscopy of photosystem two shows that CP43 and CP47 are located on opposite sides of the D1/D2 reaction center proteins

1997

Journal Article

Two-dimensional structure of plant photosystem II at 8-angstrom resolution

Rhee, KH, Morris, EP, Zheleva, D, Hankamer, B, Kuhlbrandt, W and Barber, J (1997). Two-dimensional structure of plant photosystem II at 8-angstrom resolution. Nature, 389 (6650), 522-526. doi: 10.1038/39103

Two-dimensional structure of plant photosystem II at 8-angstrom resolution

1997

Journal Article

The three-dimensional structure of a photosystem II core complex determined by electron crystallography

Morris, EP, Hankamer, B, Zheleva, D, Friso, G and Barber, J (1997). The three-dimensional structure of a photosystem II core complex determined by electron crystallography. Structure, 5 (6), 837-849. doi: 10.1016/S0969-2126(97)00237-2

The three-dimensional structure of a photosystem II core complex determined by electron crystallography

1997

Journal Article

Isolation and biochemical characterisation of monomeric and dimeric photosystem II complexes from spinach and their relevance to the organisation of photosystem II in vivo

Hankamer, B, Nield, J, Zheleva, D, Boekema, E, Jansson, S and Barber, J (1997). Isolation and biochemical characterisation of monomeric and dimeric photosystem II complexes from spinach and their relevance to the organisation of photosystem II in vivo. European Journal of Biochemistry, 243 (1-2), 422-429. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.0422a.x

Isolation and biochemical characterisation of monomeric and dimeric photosystem II complexes from spinach and their relevance to the organisation of photosystem II in vivo

1997

Journal Article

Structure and membrane organization of photosystem II in green plants

Hankamer, B, Barber, J and Boekema, EJ (1997). Structure and membrane organization of photosystem II in green plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 48 (1), 641-671. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.641

Structure and membrane organization of photosystem II in green plants

1997

Journal Article

The structure, function and dynamics of photosystem two

Barber, J, Nield, J, Morris, EP, Zheleva, D and Hankamer, B (1997). The structure, function and dynamics of photosystem two. Physiologia Plantarum, 100 (4), 817-827. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1000408.x

The structure, function and dynamics of photosystem two

1996

Journal Article

Heterogeneity and pigment composition of isolated photosystem II reaction centers

Zheleva, D, Hankamer, B and Barber, J (1996). Heterogeneity and pigment composition of isolated photosystem II reaction centers. Biochemistry, 35 (47), 15074-15079. doi: 10.1021/bi961382h

Heterogeneity and pigment composition of isolated photosystem II reaction centers

1996

Conference Publication

Localization of the oxygen evolving complex of Photosystem II by electron microscopy

Boekema, EJ, Nield, J, Hankamer, B and Barber, J (1996). Localization of the oxygen evolving complex of Photosystem II by electron microscopy. OXFORD: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD.

Localization of the oxygen evolving complex of Photosystem II by electron microscopy

1995

Journal Article

Supramolecular structure of the photosystem II complex from green plants and cyanobacteria

Boekema, EJ, Hankamer, B, Bald, D, Kruip, J, Nield, J, Boonstra, AF, Barber, J and Rogner, M (1995). Supramolecular structure of the photosystem II complex from green plants and cyanobacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 92 (1), 175-179. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.1.175

Supramolecular structure of the photosystem II complex from green plants and cyanobacteria

1995

Conference Publication

Determination of the complex homogeneity and pigment stoichiometry of isolated PS II reaction centres

Zheleva, D, Vacha, F, Hankamer, B, Telfer, A and Barber, J (1995). Determination of the complex homogeneity and pigment stoichiometry of isolated PS II reaction centres. Xth International Photosynthesis Congress, Montpellier France, Aug 20-25, 1995. DORDRECHT: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL.

Determination of the complex homogeneity and pigment stoichiometry of isolated PS II reaction centres

1995

Conference Publication

Localization of subunits in PS1, PS2 and in a PS2 light-harvesting-supercomplex

Kruip, J, Bald, D, Hankamer, B, Nield, J, Boonstra, AF, Barber, J, Boekema, EJ and Rogner, M (1995). Localization of subunits in PS1, PS2 and in a PS2 light-harvesting-supercomplex. Xth International Photosynthesis Congress, Montpellier France, Aug 20-25, 1995. DORDRECHT: TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD.

Localization of subunits in PS1, PS2 and in a PS2 light-harvesting-supercomplex

1995

Conference Publication

Biochemical characterisation of LHCII-PSII complexes associated with and lacking the 33kD subunit

Nield, J, Hankamer, B, Zheleva, D, Hodges, ML, Boekema, EJ and Barber, J (1995). Biochemical characterisation of LHCII-PSII complexes associated with and lacking the 33kD subunit. Xth International Photosynthesis Congress, Montpellier France, Aug 20-25, 1995. DORDRECHT: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL.

Biochemical characterisation of LHCII-PSII complexes associated with and lacking the 33kD subunit

1995

Conference Publication

Photosystem II structure investigated by electron microscopy and single-particle averaging

Boekema, EJ, Hankamer, B, Nield, J and Barber, J (1995). Photosystem II structure investigated by electron microscopy and single-particle averaging. Xth International Photosynthesis Congress, Montpellier France, Aug 20-25, 1995. DORDRECHT: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL.

Photosystem II structure investigated by electron microscopy and single-particle averaging

1995

Conference Publication

Biochemical characterisation and structural analysis of monomeric and dimeric photosystem II core preparations

Hankamer, B, Morris, E, Zheleva, D and Barber, J (1995). Biochemical characterisation and structural analysis of monomeric and dimeric photosystem II core preparations. Xth International Photosynthesis Congress, Montpellier France, Aug 20-25, 1995. DORDRECHT: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL.

Biochemical characterisation and structural analysis of monomeric and dimeric photosystem II core preparations

1995

Conference Publication

Investigating the protective role of phosphorylation for PSII complexes

Kruse, O, Zheleva, D, Hankamer, B and Barber, J (1995). Investigating the protective role of phosphorylation for PSII complexes. Xth International Photosynthesis Congress, Montpellier France, Aug 20-25, 1995. DORDRECHT: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL.

Investigating the protective role of phosphorylation for PSII complexes

1994

Conference Publication

Photosystem II structure investigated by TEM and A-periodic averaging

Boekema, EJ, Boonstra, AF, Hankamer, B, Nield, J, Barber, J, Bald, D, Kruip, J and Rogner, M (1994). Photosystem II structure investigated by TEM and A-periodic averaging. 13th International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Paris France, Jul 17-22, 1994. LES ULIS: EDITIONS PHYSIQUE.

Photosystem II structure investigated by TEM and A-periodic averaging

1990

Journal Article

Hydroxyproline and proline content of cell walls of sunflower, peanut and cotton grown under salt stress

Golangoldhirsh, A, Hankamer, B and Lips, SH (1990). Hydroxyproline and proline content of cell walls of sunflower, peanut and cotton grown under salt stress. Plant Science, 69 (1), 27-32. doi: 10.1016/0168-9452(90)90101-S

Hydroxyproline and proline content of cell walls of sunflower, peanut and cotton grown under salt stress

Funding

Current funding

  • 2025 - 2026
    Scaling SMART solar bio-manufacturing processes
    Critical Technologies Challenge Program: Round 1 - Stage 1 Feasibility
    Open grant
  • 2024 - 2027
    Structure-guided optimisation of light-driven microalgae cell factories
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2024 - 2027
    Enhancing microalgae harvesting and pigment extraction through novel methods: evaluation and optimization for sustainable biotechnological applications (MBCRC PhD Project)
    Marine Bioproducts Cooperative Research Centre
    Open grant
  • 2023 - 2025
    A novel, portable, low-cost oxygen therapy to improve wound healing using photosynthetic light (2023 RBWH Translational Research Grant administered by RBWH)
    Metro North Hospital and Health Service
    Open grant

Past funding

  • 2024
    Algae-based technologies for improved environmental outcomes and sustainable post-mining futures (CRC TiME Project administered by CSIRO)
    CSIRO
    Open grant
  • 2023 - 2025
    Greenalgi photobioreactor performance testing
    Marine Bioproducts Cooperative Research Centre
    Open grant
  • 2022 - 2023
    Lean design workshop to understand future challenges for horticulture production in tropical and subtropical regions of Australia
    Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited
    Open grant
  • 2022 - 2025
    Light-driven biocatalytic cell factories
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2022 - 2025
    Microalgae cultivation as a low-cost method for desalinating void water and generator of post-mining bioeconomic activity from final voids
    Australian Coal Association Research Program
    Open grant
  • 2021 - 2024
    New therapies requiring ultra large scale monoclonal Ab production in microalgae
    NHMRC IDEAS Grants
    Open grant
  • 2020 - 2021
    New generation direct electron detector for cryo-electron microscopy (ARC LIEF project administered by Monash University)
    Monash University
    Open grant
  • 2020 - 2023
    A novel platform for large-scale production of a first-in-class biologic drug for stroke
    NHMRC Development Grant
    Open grant
  • 2019 - 2022
    The Integrated Bio-economy Project and the Controlled Biosphere
    ARC Linkage Projects
    Open grant
  • 2019 - 2022
    Light driven P450: Using Photosynthesis to Power Fine Chemical Production
    ARC Linkage Projects
    Open grant
  • 2019
    Chemical Purification Network
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2018 - 2019
    Automated high resolution & high contrast cryoTEM for 3D structural biology
    ARC Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities
    Open grant
  • 2018
    Cryoelectron Microscopy Platform for Cellular Structural Biology
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2016 - 2017
    Optimisation of phototrophic production of microalgae and cyanobacteria
    UniQuest Pty Ltd
    Open grant
  • 2016 - 2018
    Media nutrient optimisation
    UniQuest Pty Ltd
    Open grant
  • 2016
    4D Mass Spectrometer
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2016 - 2019
    Molecular Resolution 3D Atlas of the Photosynthetic Machinery
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2016
    Patch-clamp electrophysiology platform for drug and insecticide discovery
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2015 - 2018
    Model guided design of advanced microalgae production systems
    ARC Linkage Projects
    Open grant
  • 2015 - 2016
    Reaching new heights in high-resolution electron microscopy
    ARC Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities
    Open grant
  • 2015 - 2017
    Bioengineering High Efficiency Solar Driven H2 Production
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2014 - 2015
    Life Cycle Analysis of Microalgae Systems
    UniQuest Pty Ltd
    Open grant
  • 2014 - 2017
    Dengue virus vaccine production in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
    NHMRC Development Grant
    Open grant
  • 2014 - 2015
    Protein engineering to increase light-to-hydrogen production in algae
    Go8 Australia - Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme
    Open grant
  • 2013 - 2015
    Towards high efficiency biofuel systems: A molecular resolution 3D atlas of the photosynthetic machinery of a high-efficiency green algae cell
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2012 - 2013
    Leachate Algae Treatment Project
    UniQuest Pty Ltd
    Open grant
  • 2012
    High- throughput Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2011 - 2014
    High Efficiency Microalgal Biofuel Systems
    Queensland Government Smart State National and International Research Alliances Program
    Open grant
  • 2011 - 2013
    Advanced solar powered hydrogen production systems based on green algal cells
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2011
    Freedom Evo 150 robotic worktable: Automated high throughput and long-time course spectrophotometric multiwell plate assay system
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2010 - 2014
    Queensland Sustainable Aviation Fuel Initiative
    Queensland Government Smart State National and International Research Alliances Program
    Open grant
  • 2010
    Automated liquid handling platform
    UQ Major Equipment and Infrastructure
    Open grant
  • 2010 - 2012
    Mechanosensitive channels: antimicrobials, channelopathies and nanovalves for drug delivery (NHMRC project grant administered by the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute)
    Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Limited
    Open grant
  • 2010 - 2012
    The structural biology of light capture: A molecular resolution 3D atlas of the photosynthetic machinery
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2009 - 2013
    How the SNARE:SM machinery regulates glucose transport in fat cells
    NHMRC Project Grant
    Open grant
  • 2009
    The structural biology and biophysics of light capture: Optimization of high-efficiency microalgae for 2nd generation biofuel systems
    UQ External Support Enabling Grant
    Open grant
  • 2008 - 2011
    Second generation biofuels: developing environmentally friendly high-efficiency microalgae for biofuel production
    ARC Linkage Projects
    Open grant
  • 2008 - 2010
    Targeted bioengineering and systems biology for solar powered hydrogen production in green algal cells
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2007
    LINKAGE INTERNATIONAL FELLOWSHIP -- Developing a competitive H2 production system based on engineered cells of green algae
    ARC Linkage International
    Open grant
  • 2007 - 2009
    Development of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channels as Nanodevices in Liposome Systems for Targeted Drug Delivery
    NHMRC Project Grant
    Open grant
  • 2005 - 2006
    ESEG_Structure-function studies of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion F protein
    NHMRC Project Grant
    Open grant
  • 2005
    NHMRC_Equipment Grant =Tomography upgrade
    NHMRC Equipment Grant
    Open grant
  • 2005
    Solar powered hydrogen fuel production from water: expression profiling of genes involved in molecular H2 production in green algae
    University of Queensland Research Development Grants Scheme
    Open grant
  • 2005 - 2007
    Structural analysis of membrane proteins using template-mediated crystallization
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2004
    Australian Bio-Metals Research Network
    ARC Seed Funding for Research Networks
    Open grant
  • 2004 - 2006
    High resolution single particle analysis of biological macromolecules
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant
  • 2004
    Structural biology of macromolecular assemblies as part of the visual cell program
    University of Queensland Research Development Grants Scheme
    Open grant
  • 2003
    Monolayer Crystallization of Membrane Proteins
    University of Queensland Research Development Grants Scheme
    Open grant
  • 2003
    Monolayer crystallization of membrane proteins
    ARC Discovery Projects
    Open grant

Supervision

Availability

Professor Ben Hankamer is:
Available for supervision

Before you email them, read our advice on how to contact a supervisor.

Supervision history

Current supervision

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Investigating protein expression and secretion mechanisms in microalgae with a focus on significantly increasing the production of industrially relevant antibodies

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Ian Ross

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Cryo-EM studies of Photosystem II mutants

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Ian Ross

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Regulation of bioenergetic pathways in Clamydomonas reinhardtil: Control of linear and cyclic photosythetic electron transport and its implications on hydrogen production

    Principal Advisor

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Regulation of bioenergetic pathways in Clamydomonas reinhardtil: Control of linear and cyclic photosythetic electron transport and its implications on hydrogen production

    Principal Advisor

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Pipeline Development for Algae as a Viable Sustainable Dietary Protein Source to Support Human Nutrition

    Principal Advisor

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Structure-guided optimisation of light-driven biomanufacture

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Ian Ross, Dr Farrah Blades

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Structure-guided optimisation of light-driven microalgae cell factories

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Ian Ross

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Digital simulation and model guided optimisation of light driven cell factories

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Associate Professor Marcus Gallagher, Dr Juliane Wolf

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Pipeline Development for Algae as a Viable Sustainable Dietary Protein Source to Support Human Nutrition

    Principal Advisor

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Light-driven biocatalytic cell factories

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Ian Ross, Professor Gary Schenk

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Enhancing microalgae harvesting and pigment extraction through novel methods: evaluation and optimization for sustainable biotechnological applications

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Juliane Wolf

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Isolation and purification of microalgae protein and omega-3 fatty acid for food applications

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Juliane Wolf, Dr Ian Ross

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Optimisation of microalgae-based fertiliser and plant bio-stimulants

    Principal Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Juliane Wolf

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Coupling of P450 ancestors with the photosynthetic machinery of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for light-driven biocatalysis in vitro

    Associate Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Ian Ross, Professor Elizabeth Gillam

  • Doctor Philosophy

    Closed Greenhouse Indoors Climate Simulation and Control

    Associate Advisor

    Other advisors: Dr Juliane Wolf, Emeritus Professor Hal Gurgenci

Completed supervision

Media

Enquiries

Contact Professor Ben Hankamer directly for media enquiries about:

  • algae
  • algae biotechnology
  • algae systems
  • algal biofuels
  • biodisesel
  • biofuels
  • Biofuels - microalgae
  • bioreactors
  • biotechnology
  • climate change
  • Crystallography
  • Electron crystallography
  • Electron microscopy
  • Energy - clean
  • hydrogen
  • Life cycle analysis
  • Microalgae biofuels
  • Renewable energy
  • Single particle analysis
  • Solar fuels
  • Structural biology
  • Sustainable energy
  • Techno-economic modelling
  • X-ray crystallography

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