Overview
Background
Professor Simon Cool is Professor of Bioengineering and Director of the UQ Advanced Cell Therapy Manufacturing Initiative in the School of Chemical Engineering at the University of Queensland.
Professor Cool began his scientific career at the University of Queensland more than 20 years ago. He received his BSc (hons) and PhD degrees from the University of Queensland, where he subsequently held a faculty position in the School of Biomedical Sciences. His areas of studies have included age-related changes in the structure of bone and teeth and the extracellular matrix compartment of skeletal tissue that guide stem cell behaviour and wound repair. Professor Cool was invited to join the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore in 2003 as a Principal Investigator. He then joined A*STAR’s Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) in 2008, shortly after its inception, to further his research in regenerative medicine, serving as Senior Principal Investigator of the Glycotherapeutics Group. In October 2020, Professor Cool re-joined the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) as a Research Director, Glycotherapeutics, where he focused on developing novel glycosaminoglycan biomolecules that enhance wound repair and control adult human mesenchymal stem cell activity.
Professor Cool has 117 patent applications across 26 families with 51 granted in the fields of glycosaminoglycan biochemistry, regenerative medicine and stem cell science. He has more than 150 publications and continues to foster strong strategic collaborations both nationally and internationally with academic and industry groups. He has a strong biomanufacturing and translational focus with experience in taking glycosaminoglycan-based devices through discovery RnD on to pre-clinical and clinical testing. Professor Cool also has an entrepreneurial and licensing background having successfully spun-off some of his technology to a US-based regenerative medicine start-up company, SMC Biotechnology Ltd. Professor Cool holds a Visiting Professor appointment at the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore and an Adjunct Professor (Research) appointment in the Orthopaedic Department at the National University of Singapore (NUS). Prior to his move back to UQ, he previously held the position of Treasurer, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society, Asia Pacific Chapter (TERMIS-AP) and Treasurer, Stem Cell Society Singapore (SCSS). He also held senior leadership positions in several Singapore-based R&D programmes, notably as Director, Allogeneic Stem Cell Manufacturing (ASTEM) and Theme Leader in Advanced Manufacturing for Biological Materials (AMBM). Prof Cool currently serves on the Editorial Board of the journals Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, and is Asia-Pacific Regional Editor for Stem Cells and Development.
Availability
- Professor Simon Cool is:
- Available for supervision
Fields of research
Qualifications
- Bachelor of Science (Honours), unknown
- PhD, unknown
Research interests
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Manufacturing highly-potent stem cells
Developing novel media, assays, and processes to enable the scale-up manufacturing of cell therapy products.
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Rejuvenation of ageing stem cells
Developing innovative methods to rejuvenate ageing stem cells to generate best-in-class cell banks for therapeutic use.
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Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans as medical devices
Developing scalable methods to manufacture fully synthetic glycosaminoglycans for use as media additives, biocoatings and medical devices for treating disease, injury or trauma.
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Modification of stem cells to improve their therapeutic utility
Altering stem cell surfaces to encourage protein binding and drive stem cell fate decisions for improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Enhanced angiogenesis through glycosaminoglycan administration and medical device formulation
Developing pro-angiogenic microenvironments using novel glycosaminoglycan formulations.
Research impacts
I have over 25 years of leadership in identifying novel heparan sulphate (HS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugars within stem cell niches and repairing tissues. These sugars sequester, protect, hold, and present key growth factors to stem cells. I have successfully used this complexation paradigm to unlock pathways critical to stem cell biology, mainly signalling cascades essential for maintaining naïve phenotypes. I have also shown that this strategy effectively develops bioadditives for manufacturing cell therapy devices for treating vascular ischemia/stroke, cartilage regeneration, and bone repair. A significant part of this pioneering effort has been manufacturing HS variants that mimic sugars in native tissues. Anchoring this strategy is my novel discovery platform that identifies specific domains in HS chains that form complexes with growth factors and growth factor receptors to generate powerful signalling complexes that mediate cell-fate decisions and potentiate tissue regeneration. Using this blueprint, I have developed a library of bio-inspired HS variants and subjected them to structure/function analyses. I strongly advocate for the safety/tolerability testing of HS materials and continue to lead industry-based projects in this area. I have considerable experience leading outcome-focused multidisciplinary research teams across all scientific discovery and translation aspects, with a proven track record in developing transformative technology and biotechnology entrepreneurship. I lead a long-standing effort to bank mesenchymal stem cells cultured in HS-supplemented media to treat age-related diseases (pre-clinical stage only) and have been working to transition this project to a commercial facility to develop suitable manufacturing and banking protocols for future clinical testing. Through these various opportunities, I have mentored numerous PhD students in Australia, Singapore, and the UK, which has helped accelerate research opportunities and led to significant gains in generating novel findings.
Works
Search Professor Simon Cool’s works on UQ eSpace
2009
Journal Article
Wnt signaling controls the fate of mesenchymal stem cells
Ling, Ling, Nurcombe, Victor and Cool, Simon M. (2009). Wnt signaling controls the fate of mesenchymal stem cells. Gene, 433 (1-2), 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.12.008
2009
Journal Article
Glycosaminoglycan composition changes with MG-63 osteosarcoma osteogenesis in vitro and induces human mesenchymal stem cell aggregation
Kumarasuriyar, A., Murali, S., Nurcombe, V. and Cool, S. M. (2009). Glycosaminoglycan composition changes with MG-63 osteosarcoma osteogenesis in vitro and induces human mesenchymal stem cell aggregation. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 218 (3), 501-511. doi: 10.1002/jcp.21620
2009
Journal Article
Osteoblasts up-regulate the expression of extracellular proteases following attachment to Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate)
Kumarasuriyar, Arjuna, Grondahl, Lisbeth, Nurcombe, Victor and Cool, Simon M. (2009). Osteoblasts up-regulate the expression of extracellular proteases following attachment to Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate). Gene, 428 (1-2), 53-58. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.09.020
2008
Conference Publication
Heparan sulfate promotes human mesenchymal stem cell growth and viability in vitro and stimulates bone repair in vivo
Sawyer, Amber A., Lim, Xinhong, Hosaka, Yoshi, Rider, David A., Poh, Wei Theng, Hui, James, Doshi, Hitendra, Nurcombe, Vic and Cool, Simon (2008). Heparan sulfate promotes human mesenchymal stem cell growth and viability in vitro and stimulates bone repair in vivo. World Biomaterials Congress, _, _.
2008
Journal Article
Heparan sulfate mediates the proliferation and differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells
Dombrowski, Christian, Song, Shu Jun, Chuan, Peiying, Lim, Xinhong, Susanto, Evelyn, Sawyer, Amber A., Woodruff, Maria A., Hutmacher, Dietmar W., Nurcombe, Victor and Cool, Simon M. (2008). Heparan sulfate mediates the proliferation and differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells and Development, 18 (4), 661-670. doi: 10.1089/scd.2008.0157
2008
Journal Article
Combining electrospun scaffolds with electrosprayed hydrogels leads to three-dimensional cellularization of hybrid constructs
Ekaputra, A. K., Prestwich, G. D., Cool, S. M. and Hutmacher, D. W. (2008). Combining electrospun scaffolds with electrosprayed hydrogels leads to three-dimensional cellularization of hybrid constructs. Biomacromolecules, 9 (8), 2097-2103. doi: 10.1021/bm800565u
2008
Journal Article
A simple and reliable electroporation method for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Helledie, T., Nurcombe, V. and Cool, S. M. (2008). A simple and reliable electroporation method for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev, 17 (4), 837-848. doi: 10.1089/scd.2007.0209
2008
Journal Article
Elevated expression of Runx2 as a key parameter in the etiology of osteosarcoma
Nathan, S. S., Pereira, B. P., Zhou, Y. F., Gupta, A., Dombrowski, C., Soong, R., Pho, R. W., Stein, G. S., Salto-Tellez, M., Cool, S. M. and van Wijnen, A. J. (2008). Elevated expression of Runx2 as a key parameter in the etiology of osteosarcoma. Mol Biol Rep, 36 (1), 153-158. doi: 10.1007/s11033-008-9378-1
2008
Journal Article
Stem Cell Fate Decisions: The Role of Heparan Sulfate in the Control of Autocrine and Paracrine Signals
Grunert, M., Nurcombe, V. and Cool, S. M. (2008). Stem Cell Fate Decisions: The Role of Heparan Sulfate in the Control of Autocrine and Paracrine Signals. Current Stem Cell Research and Therapy, 3 (1), 1-8. doi: 10.2174/157488808783489417
2008
Journal Article
Autocrine fibroblast growth factor 2 increases the multipotentiality of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Rider, D. A., Dombrowski, C., Sawyer, A. A., Ng, G. H., Leong, D., Hutmacher, D. W., Nurcombe, V. and Cool, S. M. (2008). Autocrine fibroblast growth factor 2 increases the multipotentiality of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells, 26 (6), 1598-1608. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0480
2007
Journal Article
Sustained release and osteogenic potential of heparan sulfate-doped fibrin glue scaffolds within a rat cranial model
Woodruff, Maria Ann, Rath, Subha Narayan, Susanto, Evelyn, Haupt, Larisa M., Hutmacher, Dietmar W., Nurcombe, Victor and Cool, Simon M. (2007). Sustained release and osteogenic potential of heparan sulfate-doped fibrin glue scaffolds within a rat cranial model. Journal of Molecular Histology, 38 (5), 425-433. doi: 10.1007/s10735-007-9137-y
2007
Journal Article
The in vivo assessment of a novel scaffold containing heparan sulfate for tissue engineering with human mesenchymal stem cells
Luong-Van, E, Grondahl, L, Song, SJ, Nurcombe, V and Cool, S (2007). The in vivo assessment of a novel scaffold containing heparan sulfate for tissue engineering with human mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of Molecular Histology, 38 (5), 459-468. doi: 10.1007/s10735-007-9129-y
2007
Journal Article
Concepts of scaffold-based tissue engineering - The rationale to use solid free-form fabrication techniques
Hutmacher, D. W. and Cool, S. (2007). Concepts of scaffold-based tissue engineering - The rationale to use solid free-form fabrication techniques. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 11 (4), 654-669. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00078.x
2007
Journal Article
Investigations into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) surface properties causing delayed osteoblast growth
Keen, I., Raggatt, L.J., Cool, S.M., Nurcombe, V., Fredericks, P., Trau, M. and Grondahl, L. (2007). Investigations into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) surface properties causing delayed osteoblast growth. Journal of Biomaterials Science-polymer Edition, 18 (9), 1101-1123. doi: 10.1163/156856207781554046
2007
Journal Article
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) composite biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration: In vitro performance assessed by osteoblast proliferation, osteoclast adhesion and resorption, and macrophage proinflammatory response
Cool, SM, Kenny, B, Wu, A, Nurcombe, V, Trau, M, Cassady, AI and Grondahl, L (2007). Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) composite biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration: In vitro performance assessed by osteoblast proliferation, osteoclast adhesion and resorption, and macrophage proinflammatory response. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 82A (3), 599-610. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31174
2007
Journal Article
In vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity of microencapsulated heparan sulfate
Luong-Van, E, Grondahl, L, Nurcombe, V and Cool, S (2007). In vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity of microencapsulated heparan sulfate. Biomaterials, 28 (12), 2127-2136. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.002
2007
Journal Article
A novel use of TAT-EGFP to validate techniques to alter osteosarcoma cell surface glycosaminoglycan expression
Kumarasuriyar, A, Dombrowski, C, Rider, DA, Nurcombe, V and Cool, SM (2007). A novel use of TAT-EGFP to validate techniques to alter osteosarcoma cell surface glycosaminoglycan expression. Journal of Molecular Histology, 38 (5), 435-447. doi: 10.1007/s10735-007-9136-z
2007
Journal Article
Glycosaminoglycan and growth factor mediated murine calvarial cell proliferation
Manton, KJ, Haupt, LM, Vengadasalam K, Nurcombe V and Cool SM (2007). Glycosaminoglycan and growth factor mediated murine calvarial cell proliferation. Journal of Molecular Histology, 38 (5), 415-424. doi: 10.1007/s10735-007-9121-6
2007
Journal Article
Heparan sulfate regulates the anabolic activity of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells by induction of Runx2
Jackson, RA, Murali, S, Van Wijnen, AJ, Stein, GS, Nurcombe, V and Cool, SM (2007). Heparan sulfate regulates the anabolic activity of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells by induction of Runx2. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 210 (1), 38-50. doi: 10.1002/jcp.20813
2007
Journal Article
Selection using the alpha-1 integrin (CD49a) enhances the multipotentiality of the mesenchymal stem cell population from heterogeneous bone marrow stromal cells
Rider, DA, Nalathamby, T, Nurcombe, V and Cool, SM (2007). Selection using the alpha-1 integrin (CD49a) enhances the multipotentiality of the mesenchymal stem cell population from heterogeneous bone marrow stromal cells. Journal of Molecular Histology, 38 (5), 449-458. doi: 10.1007/s10735-007-9128-z
Funding
Past funding
Supervision
Availability
- Professor Simon Cool is:
- Available for supervision
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Available projects
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Orthopaedic application of glycotherapeutics linked to implantable scaffolds
We have developed a range of glycosaminoglycan compounds that drive cell fate decisions through complexation with protein/protein receptors that are important for bone formation. Here we seek to coat implantable scaffolds (doi: 10.1116/1.4933109) with these materials and to progress these implantable orthopaedic devices through a range of preclinical models in an effort to define their future clinical utility.
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Age-related changes in stem cell glycosaminoglycans
We have identified a range of glycosaminoglycan-altering enzymes that can potentially drive senescent phenotypes linked to stem cell ageing during scale-up manufacturing. Here we seek to develop glycosaminoglycan variants capable of replenishing these lost glycosaminoglycan structures that can restore growth and potency.
Supervision history
Current supervision
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Doctor Philosophy
Fabrication of Sulfated Alginate Particles for Protein Delivery
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Lisbeth Grondahl
Completed supervision
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2009
Doctor Philosophy
Heparan sulphate releasing biomaterials for tissue engineering
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Lisbeth Grondahl
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2005
Doctor Philosophy
AUGMENTING OSTEOGENESIS THROUGH CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL STIMULATION: THE USE OF LOADING AND HEPARAN SULFATE TO ENHANCE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO BONE FORMATION
Principal Advisor
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2008
Doctor Philosophy
THE NOVEL ISOLATION OF HEPARAN SULFATE WITH A SPECIFIC AFFINITY FOR BONE MORPHOGENTIC PROTEIN 2
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Associate Professor Peter Noakes
Media
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