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Professor Rain Liivoja
Professor

Rain Liivoja

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Phone: 
+61 7 336 58830

Overview

Background

Rain Liivoja is a Professor and Deputy Dean (Research) at the University of Queensland Law School. He also holds the title of Adjunct Professor of International Law at the University of Helsinki, where he is affiliated with the Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights.

Rain's research focuses on the legal challenges associated with military applications of science and technology. His broader research and teaching interest include general international law, the law of armed conflict and human rights law. He is the author of Criminal Jurisdiction over Armed Forces Abroad (Cambridge University Press 2017), and a co-editor of several books, including Autonomous Cyber Capabilities under International Law (NATO CCDCOE 2021) and the Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict (Routledge 2016).

Rain is a Director of the Asia-Pacific Institute for Law and Security, and the General Editor of its Information Portal on the Legal Review of Weapons. Rain is also Vice President (Australia) of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law, and Deputy Chair of the Queensland Division Council of the Australian Red Cross.

Before joining the University of Queensland, Rain held academic appointments at the Universities of Melbourne, Helsinki and Tartu. He has been a Visiting Legal Fellow at the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and a Senior Fellow with the Lieber Institute for Law and Land Warfare at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He has also been a visiting scholar at Georgetown University, University of Oxford, National University of Singapore, and the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, as well as a visiting lecturer at the Estonian Military Academy and the Riga Graduate School of Law.

Rain holds an undergraduate degree in law from the University of Tartu, and a masters and a doctorate in public international law from the University of Helsinki. He completed a Graduate Certificate in University Teaching at the University of Melbourne. He is a Graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.

Availability

Professor Rain Liivoja is:
Available for supervision
Media expert

Qualifications

  • Bachelor of Law, Tartu University
  • Masters (Coursework) of International Law, University of Helsinki*
  • Masters (Research) of International Law, University of Helsinki*
  • Doctoral (Research) of International Law, University of Helsinki*
  • Graduate Certificate in University Teaching, University of Melbourne

Research interests

  • Governance of military technology

    I am interested in international law applies to the development and use of military technology, and how the law responds (or fails to respond) to technological change in the military context. In terms of specific technologies, my work has focussed on military uses of artificial intelligence and biotechnology.

  • Arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation

    I am interested in the the development and implementation of arms control and disarmament regimes (especially in relation to conventional weapons), including domestic implementation mechanisms, such as the legal review of new weapons, means and methods of warfare.

  • Human rights of members of the armed forces

    I am interested in how international human rights law applies to members of armed forces as rights bearers, including rights in the context of military justice.

Works

Search Professor Rain Liivoja’s works on UQ eSpace

136 works between 2005 and 2026

61 - 80 of 136 works

2020

Newspaper Article

Are autonomous weapons systems prohibited?

Liivoja, Rain, Massingham, Eve, McFarland, Tim and McKenzie, Simon (2020, 09 09). Are autonomous weapons systems prohibited? GameChanger

Are autonomous weapons systems prohibited?

2020

Journal Article

Editorial

Buchan, Russell, Crawford, Emily and Liivoja, Rain (2020). Editorial. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 11 (1), 1-3. doi: 10.1163/18781527-01101004

Editorial

2020

Other Outputs

Submission to Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade’s Cyber and Critical Technology Engagement Strategy

Nabbs-Keller, Greta, Ko, Ryan, Axelsen, Michael, Bongiovanni, Ivano, Dowsett, Dallas, Liivoja, Rain, Maher, Ray, Massingham, Eve, McEwan, Chris, McKenzie, Simon, O’Quinn, Richard, Radke, Amelia and Williams, John (2020). Submission to Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade’s Cyber and Critical Technology Engagement Strategy. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: The University of Queensland.

Submission to Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade’s Cyber and Critical Technology Engagement Strategy

2020

Newspaper Article

Command in the age of autonomy–unanswered questions for military operations

Massingham, Eve, McKenzie, Simon and Liivoja, Rain (2020, 05 01). Command in the age of autonomy–unanswered questions for military operations Opinio Juris

Command in the age of autonomy–unanswered questions for military operations

2020

Book Chapter

Memory modification as treatment for PTSD: neuroscientific reality and ethical concerns

Liivoja, Rain and Kroes, Marijn C. W. (2020). Memory modification as treatment for PTSD: neuroscientific reality and ethical concerns. Ethics of medical innovation, experimentation, and enhancement in military and humanitarian contexts. (pp. 211-234) edited by Daniel Messelken and David Winkler. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-36319-2_13

Memory modification as treatment for PTSD: neuroscientific reality and ethical concerns

2020

Journal Article

Protecting Warfighters from Superfluous Injury and Unnecessary Suffering

Liivoja, Rain (2020). Protecting Warfighters from Superfluous Injury and Unnecessary Suffering. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3738501

Protecting Warfighters from Superfluous Injury and Unnecessary Suffering

2019

Newspaper Article

Balancing the lopsided debate on autonomous weapon systems

Jevglevskaja, Natalia and Liivoja, Rain (2019, 12 20). Balancing the lopsided debate on autonomous weapon systems The Strategist

Balancing the lopsided debate on autonomous weapon systems

2019

Journal Article

Editorial

Buchan, Russell, Crawford, Emily and Liivoja, Rain (2019). Editorial. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 10 (2), 213-216. doi: 10.1163/18781527-01002005

Editorial

2019

Journal Article

Human rights of service personnel

Liivoja, Rain and Duxbury, Alison (2019). Human rights of service personnel. Human Rights Defender, 28 (2), 13-15.

Human rights of service personnel

2019

Journal Article

Editorial

Buchan, Russell, Crawford, Emily and Liivoja, Rain (2019). Editorial. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 10 (1), 3-5. doi: 10.1163/18781527-01001013

Editorial

2019

Newspaper Article

Human Enhancement Technologies and the Law in War and Peace

Liivoja, Rain (2019, 05 08). Human Enhancement Technologies and the Law in War and Peace Opinio Juris

Human Enhancement Technologies and the Law in War and Peace

2019

Journal Article

Eradicating war memories: neuroscientific reality and ethical concerns

Kroes, Marijn C. W. and Liivoja, Rain (2019). Eradicating war memories: neuroscientific reality and ethical concerns. International Review of the Red Cross, 101 (910) PII S1816383118000437, 69-95. doi: 10.1017/s1816383118000437

Eradicating war memories: neuroscientific reality and ethical concerns

2019

Newspaper Article

Status of medical personnel: Clear as mud?

Liivoja, Rain (2019, 02 25). Status of medical personnel: Clear as mud? Humanitarian Law and Policy

Status of medical personnel: Clear as mud?

2019

Conference Publication

Human Rights in Military Health Care

Liivoja, Rain (2019). Human Rights in Military Health Care. Conference on Respecting Military Law, Melbourne, Australia, 12–13 March 2019.

Human Rights in Military Health Care

2019

Conference Publication

Human enhancement under the law of armed conflict

Liivoja, Rain (2019). Human enhancement under the law of armed conflict. The Law of Armed Conflict 2040: Lieber Institute for Law and Land Warfare Workshop, West Point, NY, United States, 28–30 October 2019.

Human enhancement under the law of armed conflict

2019

Conference Publication

Autonomy, precautionary measures and constant care

Liivoja, Rain (2019). Autonomy, precautionary measures and constant care. Workshop on the Ethics and Law of Trusted Autonomous Systems, Oxford, United Kingdom, 23-24 May 2019.

Autonomy, precautionary measures and constant care

2019

Other Outputs

Autonomous cyber capabilities under international law

Liivoja, Rain, Naagel, Maarja and Väljataga, Ann (2019). Autonomous cyber capabilities under international law. Tallinn, Estonia: NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence.

Autonomous cyber capabilities under international law

2019

Conference Publication

Legal Limitations and the Limitations of Law

Liivoja, Rain (2019). Legal Limitations and the Limitations of Law. Conference on Future Warfare, Canberra, Australia, 8 April 2019.

Legal Limitations and the Limitations of Law

2018

Newspaper Article

Machine autonomy and the constant care obligation

Jenks, Chris and Liivoja, Rain (2018, 12 11). Machine autonomy and the constant care obligation Humanitarian Law & Policy

Machine autonomy and the constant care obligation

2018

Newspaper Article

Why it’s so hard to reach an international agreement on killer robots

Liivoja, Rain (2018, 09 12). Why it’s so hard to reach an international agreement on killer robots The Conversation

Why it’s so hard to reach an international agreement on killer robots

Funding

Past funding

  • 2019 - 2021
    Autonomy and Reciprocity: Ethical Perspectives in Human Neurosciences and Beyond
    The Branco Weiss Fellowship Collaborative Grants Program
    Open grant
  • 2019 - 2024
    Programme on the Ethics and Law of Trusted Autonomous Systems
    Trusted Autonomous Systems Defence Cooperative Research Centre
    Open grant
  • 2018 - 2021
    Regulating the Enhancement and Degradation of Cognitive and Physical Performance of Warfighters: Application of International Law to Emerging Defence Science and Technology.
    Branco Weiss Fellowship
    Open grant

Supervision

Availability

Professor Rain Liivoja is:
Available for supervision

Looking for a supervisor? Read our advice on how to choose a supervisor.

Supervision history

Current supervision

Completed supervision

Media

Enquiries

Contact Professor Rain Liivoja directly for media enquiries about:

  • disarmament and arms control
  • governance of military technology
  • human rights
  • international law
  • law of armed conflict (international humanitarian law)
  • military bioethics
  • military justice

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