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Professor Rain Liivoja
Professor

Rain Liivoja

Email: 
Phone: 
+61 7 336 58830

Overview

Background

Rain Liivoja is a Professor and Deputy Dean (Research) at the University of Queensland Law School. He also holds the title of Adjunct Professor of International Law at the University of Helsinki, where he is affiliated with the Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights.

Rain's research focuses on the legal challenges associated with military applications of science and technology. His broader research and teaching interest include general international law, the law of armed conflict and human rights law. He is the author of Criminal Jurisdiction over Armed Forces Abroad (Cambridge University Press 2017), and a co-editor of several books, including Autonomous Cyber Capabilities under International Law (NATO CCDCOE 2021) and the Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict (Routledge 2016).

Rain is a Director of the Asia-Pacific Institute for Law and Security, and the General Editor of its Information Portal on the Legal Review of Weapons. Rain is also Vice President (Australia) of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law, and Deputy Chair of the Queensland Division Council of the Australian Red Cross.

Before joining the University of Queensland, Rain held academic appointments at the Universities of Melbourne, Helsinki and Tartu. He has been a Visiting Legal Fellow at the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and a Senior Fellow with the Lieber Institute for Law and Land Warfare at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He has also been a visiting scholar at Georgetown University, University of Oxford, National University of Singapore, and the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, as well as a visiting lecturer at the Estonian Military Academy and the Riga Graduate School of Law.

Rain holds an undergraduate degree in law from the University of Tartu, and a masters and a doctorate in public international law from the University of Helsinki. He completed a Graduate Certificate in University Teaching at the University of Melbourne. He is a Graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.

Availability

Professor Rain Liivoja is:
Available for supervision
Media expert

Qualifications

  • Bachelor of Law, Tartu University
  • Masters (Coursework) of International Law, University of Helsinki*
  • Masters (Research) of International Law, University of Helsinki*
  • Doctoral (Research) of International Law, University of Helsinki*
  • Graduate Certificate in University Teaching, University of Melbourne

Research interests

  • Governance of military technology

    I am interested in international law applies to the development and use of military technology, and how the law responds (or fails to respond) to technological change in the military context. In terms of specific technologies, my work has focussed on military uses of artificial intelligence and biotechnology.

  • Arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation

    I am interested in the the development and implementation of arms control and disarmament regimes (especially in relation to conventional weapons), including domestic implementation mechanisms, such as the legal review of new weapons, means and methods of warfare.

  • Human rights of members of the armed forces

    I am interested in how international human rights law applies to members of armed forces as rights bearers, including rights in the context of military justice.

Works

Search Professor Rain Liivoja’s works on UQ eSpace

136 works between 2005 and 2026

81 - 100 of 136 works

2018

Journal Article

Biomedical enhancement of warfighters and the legal protection of military medical personnel in armed conflict

Liivoja, Rain (2018). Biomedical enhancement of warfighters and the legal protection of military medical personnel in armed conflict. Medical Law Review, 26 (3), 421-448. doi: 10.1093/medlaw/fwx046

Biomedical enhancement of warfighters and the legal protection of military medical personnel in armed conflict

2018

Journal Article

Left of bang interventions in trauma: some legal implications of military medical prophylaxis

Liivoja, Rain (2018). Left of bang interventions in trauma: some legal implications of military medical prophylaxis. Journal of Medical Ethics, 44 (7), 509-510. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2017-104584

Left of bang interventions in trauma: some legal implications of military medical prophylaxis

2018

Conference Publication

Autonomous weapon systems: an overview of the legal issues

Liivoja, Rain (2018). Autonomous weapon systems: an overview of the legal issues. Autonomous Weapon Systems Workshop, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 3 April 2018.

Autonomous weapon systems: an overview of the legal issues

2018

Journal Article

Are enhanced warfighters weapons, means, or methods of warfare?

Liivoja, Rain and Chircop, Luke (2018). Are enhanced warfighters weapons, means, or methods of warfare?. International Law Studies, 94, 161-185.

Are enhanced warfighters weapons, means, or methods of warfare?

2018

Conference Publication

Biomedical Enhancement of Warfighters: Law of Armed Conflict Issues

Liivoja, Rain (2018). Biomedical Enhancement of Warfighters: Law of Armed Conflict Issues. Peace, War and the Law: 21th Congress of International Society for Military Law and the Law of War, Lisbon, Portugal, 15-19 May 2018.

Biomedical Enhancement of Warfighters: Law of Armed Conflict Issues

2018

Conference Publication

Contradictory appeals to humanity in the development of arms control law

Liivoja, Rain (2018). Contradictory appeals to humanity in the development of arms control law. Humanitarianism and the Remaking of International Law: History, Ideology, Practice, Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 31 May–2 June 2018.

Contradictory appeals to humanity in the development of arms control law

2018

Conference Publication

Interpreting and Applying the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols in Light of Technological Change

Liivoja, Rain (2018). Interpreting and Applying the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols in Light of Technological Change. Attorney-General’s Department’s 8th International Law Colloquium, Canberra, Australia, 30 November 2018.

Interpreting and Applying the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols in Light of Technological Change

2018

Conference Publication

The military application of advances in human enhancement technologies

Liivoja, Rain (2018). The military application of advances in human enhancement technologies. Developing International Law in Challenging Times: 78th Biennial Conference of the International Law Association, Sydney, Australia, 19–24 August 2018.

The military application of advances in human enhancement technologies

2018

Conference Publication

The application of international law to autonomous cyber capabilities

Liivoja, Rain (2018). The application of international law to autonomous cyber capabilities. Silent Battle: 11th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon), Tallinn, Estonia, 28–31 May 2019.

The application of international law to autonomous cyber capabilities

2018

Conference Publication

Regulating Emerging Military Technologies: Is There Anything New under the Sun?

Liivoja, Rain (2018). Regulating Emerging Military Technologies: Is There Anything New under the Sun?. The Ethical Implications of Emerging Technologies in Warfare: 8th Euro-ISME Annual Conference, Toledo, Spain, 13-16 May 2018.

Regulating Emerging Military Technologies: Is There Anything New under the Sun?

2018

Conference Publication

"The Better Instincts of Humanity": humanitarian arguments in debates about arms control

Liivoja, Rain (2018). "The Better Instincts of Humanity": humanitarian arguments in debates about arms control. International Law: From the Local to the Global – 26th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law, Wellington, New Zealand, 5–7 July 2018.

"The Better Instincts of Humanity": humanitarian arguments in debates about arms control

2018

Conference Publication

Memory Modification for the Treatment of PTSD in Service Members: Ethical and Legal Concerns Revisited

Liivoja, Rain (2018). Memory Modification for the Treatment of PTSD in Service Members: Ethical and Legal Concerns Revisited. Ethics of Military Medical Innovation, Experimentation, and Enhancement: 8th ICMM Workshop on Military Medical Ethics, Ermatingen, Switzerland, 3-5 May 2018.

Memory Modification for the Treatment of PTSD in Service Members: Ethical and Legal Concerns Revisited

2017

Other Outputs

Muggleton on the Law of Non-international Armed Conflict

Muggleton, Paul, Burke, Róisín, Liivoja, Rain, McCormack, Tim, McLaughlin, Rob, Oswald, Bruce, Radin, Sasha and de Rochefort-Reynolds, Alan (2017). Muggleton on the Law of Non-international Armed Conflict. Melbourne Vic Australia: Asia Pacific Centre for Military Law.

Muggleton on the Law of Non-international Armed Conflict

2017

Book

Criminal jurisdiction over armed forces abroad

Liivoja, Rain (2017). Criminal jurisdiction over armed forces abroad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781139600392

Criminal jurisdiction over armed forces abroad

2016

Journal Article

Technological change and the evolution of the law of war

Liivoja, Rain (2016). Technological change and the evolution of the law of war. International Review of the Red Cross, 97 (900), 1157-1177. doi: 10.1017/S1816383116000424

Technological change and the evolution of the law of war

2016

Journal Article

Out of sight, out of mind, out of reach?

Liivoja, Rain (2016). Out of sight, out of mind, out of reach?. International Humanitarian Law Magazine (1), 16-17.

Out of sight, out of mind, out of reach?

2016

Journal Article

Introduction

Liivoja, Rain and McCormack, Tim (2016). Introduction. Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict, 1-2.

Introduction

2016

Journal Article

Military justice in a comparative and international perspective: a view from the Asia Pacific

Heng, Benjamin, Liivoja, Rain, Ng, Daniel and Oswald, Bruce (2016). Military justice in a comparative and international perspective: a view from the Asia Pacific. Journal of International Peacekeeping, 20 (3-4), 133-142. doi: 10.1163/18754112-02003001

Military justice in a comparative and international perspective: a view from the Asia Pacific

2016

Book Chapter

Private military and security companies

Amstel, Nelleke van and Liivoja, Rain (2016). Private military and security companies. Routledge handbook of the law of armed conflict. (pp. 623-639) edited by Liivoja, Rain and McCormack, Tim. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203798362

Private military and security companies

2016

Book Chapter

Emerging technologies of warfare

Liivoja, Rain, Leins, Kobi and McCormack, Tim (2016). Emerging technologies of warfare. Routledge handbook of the law of armed conflict. (pp. 603-622) edited by Rain Liivoja and Tim McCormack. London, United Kingdom: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203798362

Emerging technologies of warfare

Funding

Past funding

  • 2019 - 2021
    Autonomy and Reciprocity: Ethical Perspectives in Human Neurosciences and Beyond
    The Branco Weiss Fellowship Collaborative Grants Program
    Open grant
  • 2019 - 2024
    Programme on the Ethics and Law of Trusted Autonomous Systems
    Trusted Autonomous Systems Defence Cooperative Research Centre
    Open grant
  • 2018 - 2021
    Regulating the Enhancement and Degradation of Cognitive and Physical Performance of Warfighters: Application of International Law to Emerging Defence Science and Technology.
    Branco Weiss Fellowship
    Open grant

Supervision

Availability

Professor Rain Liivoja is:
Available for supervision

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Supervision history

Current supervision

Completed supervision

Media

Enquiries

Contact Professor Rain Liivoja directly for media enquiries about:

  • disarmament and arms control
  • governance of military technology
  • human rights
  • international law
  • law of armed conflict (international humanitarian law)
  • military bioethics
  • military justice

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