![Professor Alexander Khromykh](/sites/default/files/profiles/868.jpeg)
Overview
Background
Alexander Khromykh has PhD degree in Molecular Virology. He worked as Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Ottawa in Canada. He then joined Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre in Brisbane and became a laboratory Head in 2001. He moved his laboratory to St Luica campus in 2005 to take an appointment with the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB). He was the founding Director of the SCMB’s Centre for Infectious Disease Research and is currently the Deputy Director of the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre. He is also the Director of Centre of Excellence and a member of COVID-19 and Zika virus Task Forces in the Global Virus Network.
Availability
- Professor Alexander Khromykh is:
- Available for supervision
- Media expert
Fields of research
Qualifications
- Bachelor of Science, Tomsk State University
- Doctor of Philosophy, The Institute for Molecular Virology
Research interests
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Molecular pathogenesis of RNA viruses
Viruses of main interest include West Nile virus, Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus. A particular strength is in the developing infectious clones and replicons and utilising them to study virus replication, to identify viral determinants of pathogenicity and to develop vaccines and antivirals.
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Evasion of host antiviral response by pathogenic RNA viruses
We apply advanced molecular methodologies including screening with viral RNAi libraries to identify new host antiviral genes and to dissect mechanisms employed by pathogenic RNA viruses to evade antiviral responses.
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The role of viral and host noncoding RNAs in virus-host interaction
We study biogenesis of novel viral noncoding RNAs and elucidate mechanisms by which both, viral and host noncoding RNAs shape the outcomes of infection with pathogenic RNA viruses.
Research impacts
The main areas of research of the group are molecular virology, viral pathogenesis, and virus-host interactions. The viruses studied in the group are pathogenic RNA viruses, viruses such as West Nile virus, Zika virus, and SARS-CoV-2 virus. The goal of the research is to determine the mechanisms by which these viruses cause disease in the hosts and to identify viral and host factors determining the outcome of infection. The group uses a range of classical and more modern approaches including molecular manipulations with viral infectious cDNA clones and replicons, transient and stable expression of viral proteins and noncoding RNAs, viral replication and virulence assays, deep mutational scanning, mass spectrometry, next generation sequencing, siRNA knockdowns, and knockout cells and mice. Together, these approaches allow the group to perform detailed analysis of the effects of changes in the viral and host genomes that are likely to have a profound impact on virus replication and pathogenesis. The obtained knowldge is also applied to develop novel vaccine platforms and test antivirals.
Works
Search Professor Alexander Khromykh’s works on UQ eSpace
2024
Journal Article
The Flavivirus Non-Structural Protein 5 (NS5): Structure, Functions, and Targeting for Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics
Goh, Jarvis Z. H., De Hayr, Lachlan, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Slonchak, Andrii (2024). The Flavivirus Non-Structural Protein 5 (NS5): Structure, Functions, and Targeting for Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics. Vaccines, 12 (8) 865, 865. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12080865
2024
Journal Article
Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2
Shaker, Mohammed R., Slonchak, Andrii, Al-Mhanawi, Bahaa, Morrison, Sean D., Sng, Julian D.J., Cooper-White, Justin, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Wolvetang, Ernst J. (2024). Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2. Science Advances, 10 (23) eadj4735, 1-23. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4735
2024
Journal Article
Xinyang flavivirus, from Haemaphysalis flava ticks in Henan Province, China, defines a basal, likely tick-only Orthoflavivirus clade
Wang, Lan-Lan, Cheng, Qia, Newton, Natalee D., Wolfinger, Michael T., Morgan, Mahali S., Slonchak, Andrii, Khromykh, Alexander A., Cheng, Tian-Yin and Parry, Rhys H. (2024). Xinyang flavivirus, from Haemaphysalis flava ticks in Henan Province, China, defines a basal, likely tick-only Orthoflavivirus clade. Journal of General Virology, 105 (5). doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001991
2024
Journal Article
Residue K28 of Zika Virus NS5 Protein Is Implicated in Virus Replication and Antagonism of STAT2
Peng, Nias Y. G., Sng, Julian D. J., Setoh, Yin Xiang and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2024). Residue K28 of Zika Virus NS5 Protein Is Implicated in Virus Replication and Antagonism of STAT2. Microorganisms, 12 (4) 660, 1-15. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040660
2024
Journal Article
Enhancement of cellular immunity following needle-free vaccination of mice with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
McMillan, Christopher L. D., Wijesundara, Danushka K., Choo, Jovin J. Y., Amarilla, Alberto A., Modhiran, Naphak, Fernando, Germain J. P., Khromykh, Alexander A., Watterson, Daniel, Young, Paul R. and Muller, David A. (2024). Enhancement of cellular immunity following needle-free vaccination of mice with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Journal of General Virology, 105 (1) ARTN 001947, 1-6. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001947
2023
Journal Article
A novel tamanavirus (Flaviviridae) of the European common frog (Rana temporaria) from the UK
Parry, Rhys H., Slonchak, Andrii, Campbell, Lewis J., Newton, Natalee D., Debat, Humberto J., Gifford, Robert J. and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2023). A novel tamanavirus (Flaviviridae) of the European common frog (Rana temporaria) from the UK. Journal of General Virology, 104 (12) 001927, 1-12. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001927
2023
Journal Article
The role of N-glycosylation in spike antigenicity for the SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant
Pegg, Cassandra L., Modhiran, Naphak, Parry, Rhys H., Liang, Benjamin, Amarilla, Alberto A., Khromykh, Alexander A., Burr, Lucy, Young, Paul R., Chappell, Keith, Schulz, Benjamin L. and Watterson, Daniel (2023). The role of N-glycosylation in spike antigenicity for the SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant. Glycobiology, 34 (2) cwad097, 1-13. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwad097
2023
Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 and XBB variants have increased neurotropic potential over BA.1 in K18-hACE2 mice and human brain organoids
Stewart, Romal, Yan, Kexin, Ellis, Sevannah A., Bishop, Cameron R., Dumenil, Troy, Tang, Bing, Nguyen, Wilson, Larcher, Thibaut, Parry, Rhys, Sng, Julian De Jun, Khromykh, Alexander A., Sullivan, Robert K. P., Lor, Mary, Meunier, Frédéric A., Rawle, Daniel J. and Suhrbier, Andreas (2023). SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 and XBB variants have increased neurotropic potential over BA.1 in K18-hACE2 mice and human brain organoids. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14 1320856, 1-18. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1320856
2023
Journal Article
Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology
Aguado, Julio, Amarilla, Alberto A., Taherian Fard, Atefeh, Albornoz, Eduardo A., Tyshkovskiy, Alexander, Schwabenland, Marius, Chaggar, Harman K., Modhiran, Naphak, Gómez-Inclán, Cecilia, Javed, Ibrahim, Baradar, Alireza A., Liang, Benjamin, Peng, Lianli, Dharmaratne, Malindrie, Pietrogrande, Giovanni, Padmanabhan, Pranesh, Freney, Morgan E., Parry, Rhys, Sng, Julian D. J., Isaacs, Ariel, Khromykh, Alexander A., Valenzuela Nieto, Guillermo, Rojas-Fernandez, Alejandro, Davis, Thomas P., Prinz, Marco, Bengsch, Bertram, Gladyshev, Vadim N., Woodruff, Trent M., Mar, Jessica C. ... Wolvetang, Ernst J. (2023). Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology. Nature Aging, 3 (12), 1561-1575. doi: 10.1038/s43587-023-00519-6
2023
Journal Article
A nanobody recognizes a unique conserved epitope and potently neutralizes against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants
Modhiran, Naphak, Lauer, Simon Malte, Amarilla, Alberto A., Hewins, Peter, Lopes van den Broek, Sara Irene, Low, Yu Shang, Thakur, Nazia, Liang, Benjamin, Nieto, Guillermo Valenzuela, Jung, James, Paramitha, Devina, Isaacs, Ariel, Sng, Julian D. J., Song, David, Jørgensen, Jesper Tranekjær, Cheuquemilla, Yorka, Bürger, Jörg, Andersen, Ida Vang, Himelreichs, Johanna, Jara, Ronald, MacLoughlin, Ronan, Miranda-Chacon, Zaray, Chana-Cuevas, Pedro, Kramer, Vasko, Spahn, Christian M. T., Mielke, Thorsten, Khromykh, Alexander A., Munro, Trent, Jones, Martina L. ... Watterson, Daniel (2023). A nanobody recognizes a unique conserved epitope and potently neutralizes against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants. iScience, 26 (7) 107085, 107085. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107085
2023
Journal Article
Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2
Shaker, Mohammed R., Slonchak, Andrii, Al-mhanawi, Bahaa, Morrison, Sean D., Sng, Julian D. J., Cooper-White, Justin, Khromykh, Alexander A. and Wolvetang, Ernst J. (2023). Choroid plexus defects in Down syndrome brain organoids enhance neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv, 10 (23) eadj4735, eadj4735. doi: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544552
2023
Journal Article
Noncoding RNA of Zika virus affects interplay between Wnt-signaling and pro-apoptotic pathways in the developing brain tissue
Slonchak, Andrii, Chaggar, Harman, Aguado, Julio, Wolvetang, Ernst and Khromykh, Alexander A. (2023). Noncoding RNA of Zika virus affects interplay between Wnt-signaling and pro-apoptotic pathways in the developing brain tissue. Viruses, 15 (5) 1062, 1062. doi: 10.3390/v15051062
2023
Journal Article
Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse”
Speck, Peter, Mackenzie, Jason, Bull, Rowena A., Slobedman, Barry, Drummer, Heidi, Fraser, Johanna, Herrero, Lara, Helbig, Karla, Londrigan, Sarah, Moseley, Gregory, Prow, Natalie, Hansman, Grant, Edwards, Robert, Ahlenstiel, Chantelle, Abendroth, Allison, Tscharke, David, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Kriiger-Loterio, Robson, Parry, Rhys, Marsh, Glenn, Harding, Emma, Jacques, David A., Gartner, Matthew J., Lee, Wen Shi, McAuley, Julie, Vaz, Paola, Sainsbury, Frank, Tate, Michelle D., Sinclair, Jane ... Young, Paul (2023). Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse”. mBio, 14 (3), e0081523. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00815-23
2023
Journal Article
Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse”
Speck, Peter, Mackenzie, Jason, Bull, Rowena A., Slobedman, Barry, Drummer, Heidi, Fraser, Johanna, Herrero, Lara, Helbig, Karla, Londrigan, Sarah, Moseley, Gregory, Prow, Natalie, Hansman, Grant, Edwards, Robert, Ahlenstiel, Chantelle, Abendroth, Allison, Tscharke, David, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Kriiger-Loterio, Robson, Parry, Rhys, Marsh, Glenn, Harding, Emma, Jacques, David A., Gartner, Matthew J., Lee, Wen Shi, McAuley, Julie, Vaz, Paola, Sainsbury, Frank, Tate, Michelle D., Sinclair, Jane ... Young, Paul (2023). Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse”. Journal of Virology, 97 (5), e0045123. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00451-23
2023
Journal Article
Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse”
Speck, Peter, Mackenzie, Jason, Bull, Rowena A., Slobedman, Barry, Drummer, Heidi, Fraser, Johanna, Herrero, Lara, Helbig, Karla, Londrigan, Sarah, Moseley, Gregory, Prow, Natalie, Hansman, Grant, Edwards, Robert, Ahlenstiel, Chantelle, Abendroth, Allison, Tscharke, David, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Kriiger-Loterio, Robson, Parry, Rhys, Marsh, Glenn, Harding, Emma, Jacques, David A., Gartner, Matthew J., Lee, Wen Shi, McAuley, Julie, Vaz, Paola, Sainsbury, Frank, Tate, Michelle D., Sinclair, Jane ... Young, Paul (2023). Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse”. mSphere, 8 (3), e0016523. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00165-23
2023
Journal Article
Inactivation of SARS‐CoV ‐2 infectivity in platelet concentrates or plasma following treatment with ultraviolet C light or with methylene blue combined with visible light
Hobson‐Peters, Jody, Amarilla, Alberto A., Rustanti, Lina, Marks, Denese C., Roulis, Eileen, Khromykh, Alexander A., Modhiran, Naphak, Watterson, Daniel, Reichenberg, Stefan, Tolksdorf, Frank, Sumian, Chryslain, Seltsam, Axel, Gravemann, Ute and Faddy, Helen M. (2023). Inactivation of SARS‐CoV ‐2 infectivity in platelet concentrates or plasma following treatment with ultraviolet C light or with methylene blue combined with visible light. Transfusion, 63 (2), 288-293. doi: 10.1111/trf.17238
2023
Journal Article
GPR183 antagonism reduces macrophage infiltration in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Foo, Cheng Xiang, Bartlett, Stacey, Chew, Keng Yih, Ngo, Minh Dao, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Jayakody Arachchige, Buddhika, Matthews, Benjamin, Reed, Sarah, Wang, Ran, Smith, Christian, Sweet, Matthew J., Burr, Lucy, Bisht, Kavita, Shatunova, Svetlana, Sinclair, Jane E., Parry, Rhys, Yang, Yuanhao, Lévesque, Jean-Pierre, Khromykh, Alexander, Rosenkilde, Mette Marie, Short, Kirsty R. and Ronacher, Katharina (2023). GPR183 antagonism reduces macrophage infiltration in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection. European Respiratory Journal, 61 (3) 2201306, 1-15. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01306-2022
2023
Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein
Albornoz, Eduardo A., Amarilla, Alberto A., Modhiran, Naphak, Parker, Sandra, Li, Xaria X., Wijesundara, Danushka K., Aguado, Julio, Zamora, Adriana Pliego, McMillan, Christopher L. D., Liang, Benjamin, Peng, Nias Y. G., Sng, Julian D. J., Saima, Fatema Tuj, Fung, Jenny N., Lee, John D., Paramitha, Devina, Parry, Rhys, Avumegah, Michael S., Isaacs, Ariel, Lo, Martin W., Miranda-Chacon, Zaray, Bradshaw, Daniella, Salinas-Rebolledo, Constanza, Rajapakse, Niwanthi W., Wolvetang, Ernst J., Munro, Trent P., Rojas-Fernandez, Alejandro, Young, Paul R., Stacey, Katryn J. ... Woodruff, Trent M. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein. Molecular Psychiatry, 28 (7), 2878-2893. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01831-0
2023
Journal Article
Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse”
Speck, Peter, Mackenzie, Jason, Bull, Rowena A., Slobedman, Barry, Drummer, Heidi, Fraser, Johanna, Herrero, Lara, Helbig, Karla, Londrigan, Sarah, Moseley, Gregory, Prow, Natalie, Hansman, Grant, Edwards, Robert, Ahlenstiel, Chantelle, Abendroth, Allison, Tscharke, David, Hobson-Peters, Jody, Kriiger-Loterio, Robson, Parry, Rhys, Marsh, Glenn, Harding, Emma, Jacques, David A., Gartner, Matthew J., Lee, Wen Shi, McAuley, Julie, Vaz, Paola, Sainsbury, Frank, Tate, Michelle D., Sinclair, Jane ... Young, Paul (2023). Statement in Support of: “Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse”. Journal of Virology, 97 (5). doi: 10.1128/jvi.00451-23
2022
Journal Article
Monoclonal antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein suitable for multiple applications for current variants of concern
Morgan, Mahali S., Yan, Kexin, Le, Thuy T., Johnston, Ryan A., Amarilla, Alberto A., Muller, David A., McMillan, Christopher L. D., Modhiran, Naphak, Watterson, Daniel, Potter, James R., Sng, Julian D. J., Lor, Mary, Paramitha, Devina, Isaacs, Ariel, Khromykh, Alexander A., Hall, Roy A., Suhrbier, Andreas, Rawle, Daniel J. and Hobson-Peters, Jody (2022). Monoclonal antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein suitable for multiple applications for current variants of concern. Viruses, 15 (1) 139, 1-18. doi: 10.3390/v15010139
Funding
Current funding
Past funding
Supervision
Availability
- Professor Alexander Khromykh is:
- Available for supervision
Before you email them, read our advice on how to contact a supervisor.
Available projects
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Cooperation between sfRNA and non-structural protein NS5 for flavivirus immune evasion
This Earmarked Scholarship project is aligned with a recently awarded Category 1 research grant. It offers you the opportunity to work with leading researchers and contribute to large projects of national significance.
Flaviviruses are important human pathogens that include West Nile, Dengue, Zika, Yellow fever virus and other viruses. They have a unique ability to produce viral noncoding RNA from their 3' untranslated region by hijacking host exoribonuclease. This RNA, termed subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA), accumulates in infected cells in high abundance and facilitates viral pathogenesis by supressing antiviral response. However, the molecular mechanism that determines this activity is not fully elucidated. Recently we have discovered that sfRNA of Zika virus executes this function in cooperation with the viral protein NS5. We found that sfRNA binds to and stabilises NS5, allowing this protein to inhibit phosphorylation of transcriptional factor STAT1, a key mediator of antiviral signalling.
This project is aimed to uncover how sfRNA binding effects NS5 conformation and its ability to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation by identifying interacting sites in both molecules, characterising structural changes in NS5 caused by sfRNA binding and creating mutant viruses incapable of sfRNA-NS5 interactions. It will also investigate whether this mechanism is conserved between all flaviviruses.
The successful candidate will have an opportunity to join one of the leading flavivirus laboratories and work in the dynamic team of internationally recognised experts at the forefront of flavivirus research. He/she will obtain experience in the wide range of classical and modern research techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy, next generation sequencing, generation of mutant viruses, immunofluorescent virus detection, quantitative PCR, Northern blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, etc. He/she will have an opportunity to communicate their research at the national and international conferences and publish in the leading academic journals.
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Predicting and preparing for the unfolding evolution of SARS-CoV-2
This Earmarked Scholarship project is aligned with a recently awarded Category 1 research grant. It offers you the opportunity to work with leading researchers and contribute to large projects of national significance.
SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of current COVID-19 pandemic which has already infected >270 million people and killed >5 million of them. Currently deployed and future vaccines are likely to significantly decrease the burden of pandemic, however, new viral variants are emerging that are less susceptible to vaccine-induced immunity. Hence, deeper understanding of what drives viral evolution under the pressure of vaccine-induced immune responses is needed to predict and prepare for the emergence of future variants and inform development of more effective vaccines. The project will employ deep mutational scanning methodology to identify changes in the viral spike protein responsible for altered susceptibility to vaccine-induced antibodies. The implications of identified changes on the properties of spike protein and susceptibility to vaccine-induced antibodies will be investigated using structural analysis and various functional assays. The findings will be critical for predicting viral changes that are likely to emerge in the landscape of vaccinations and provide invaluable information for pre-emptive development of vaccines that will be able to minimise future emergence of vaccine-resistant variants.
Supervision history
Current supervision
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Doctor Philosophy
Cooperation between sfRNA and non-structural protein NS5 for flavivirus immune evasion
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Naphak Modhiran, Dr Andrii Slonchak
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Doctor Philosophy
Predicting and preparing for the unfolding evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Alberto Amarilla Ortiz, Dr Yousef Alhammad, Dr Rhys Parry
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Doctor Philosophy
Engineering chimeric viruses as protective and safe vaccines against mosquito-borne viral disease
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Associate Professor Jody Peters
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Doctor Philosophy
Mechanisms of host restriction underpinning the safety and efficacy of novel chimeric flaviviral vaccines
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Associate Professor Jody Peters
Completed supervision
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2023
Doctor Philosophy
Uncovering host determinants of Zika virus replication using an in vivo and in vitro RNAi screening approach
Principal Advisor
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2022
Doctor Philosophy
Uncovering molecular determinants in ZIKV-NS5 related to replication, virulence, and transmissibility
Principal Advisor
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2015
Doctor Philosophy
Characterisation of the Flaviviral Non-Structural Protein NS1'
Principal Advisor
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2014
Doctor Philosophy
Second Generation Single-Round Infectious Particle (SRIP)-Producing Flavivirus Vaccine
Principal Advisor
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2010
Doctor Philosophy
Role of nonstructural protein NS2A in Flavivirus assembly and secretion
Principal Advisor
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2005
Master Philosophy
INFECTION OF HUMAN MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS WITH KUNJIN VIRUS IN VITRO
Principal Advisor
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2013
Doctor Philosophy
Defining regions of interaction between the MTase and POL domains of West Nile virus NS5 as potential targets for antiviral drug design
Joint Principal Advisor
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2018
Doctor Philosophy
Molecular Mechanisms of Evolutionary Adaption in Insect-specific Flaviviruses
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Associate Professor Jody Peters
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2015
Doctor Philosophy
The role of the type I interferon in the immunobiology of chikungunya virus.
Associate Advisor
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2014
Doctor Philosophy
Understanding immunobiology of chikungunya virus disease using mouse models
Associate Advisor
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2013
Doctor Philosophy
Stalking the West Nile Virus NS2B/NS3 protease as a target for infection control and as a key player in virus factories
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Paul Young, Professor David Fairlie
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2011
Doctor Philosophy
Characterisation Of Intracellular Replication and Pathogenesis of Murine Norovirus 1
Associate Advisor
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2009
Doctor Philosophy
The interferon-induced antiviral protein MxA: functional and therapeutic aspects relating to virus infection
Associate Advisor
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2005
Doctor Philosophy
INDUCTION OF LONG LASTING PROTECTIVE CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES BY KUNJIN REPLICON-BASED VACCINE VECTORS
Associate Advisor
Media
Enquiries
Contact Professor Alexander Khromykh directly for media enquiries about:
- COVID-19
- Ebola virus
- Flaviviruses
- Gene delivery systems
- Gene expression
- Immunisation
- Molecular virology
- Noncoding RNAs
- SARS-CoV-2
- Vaccines
- Virus-host interactions
- Viruses
- West Nile Virus
- Zika virus
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