Dr Germain Fernando
Dr

Germain Fernando

Email: 

Background

Dr Fernando's current research interests include developing needle-free, pain-free, skin patch vaccines. Influenza and human papilloma virus vaccines are used as model vaccines in these studies.

Dr Germain Fernando completed PhD at the University of Arizona, USA, and did post-doctoral research at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, before joining the University of Queensland in 1989. He has been working in the field of vaccinology for the last 28 years. He has a H-Index of 36.

He is a Senior Consultant at Vaxxas Pty. Ltd, Brisbane, Australia

Publications and Citation Metrics are available at the following website:

http://www.researcherid.com/rid/C-3733-2009

Availability

Dr Germain Fernando is:
Available for supervision
Media expert

Fields of research

Biomedical engineering Immunology

Qualifications

  • Bachelor (Honours) of Science (Advanced), Institution to be confirmed
  • Doctor of Philosophy, Arizona State University

Research interests

  • Vaccinations using a novel needle-free, pain-free, skin patch.

    Although effective vaccines are available for combating diseases such as flu and cervical cancer, some people are reluctant to get vaccinated because of the fear of the needle. The needle and syringe first invented in 1853 is still being used because of the convenience to the person administering the vaccine. However this method has many disadvantages: Fear of the needle and the pain of injection, especially among children. Furthermore injection into muscle is less efficient than delivering the vaccine directly to immunologically active cells in the skin. We have designed a skin patch to overcome these disadvantages. We have recently published data to show potent immunity can be induced using very low doses of vaccine delivered by the skin patch. Reference: Fernando et al PLoS One 2010 April 21:5(4), e 10266.

Search Professor Germain Fernando’s works on UQ eSpace

113 works between 1981 and 2025
All (113) Journal Article (95) Book Chapter (1) Conference Publication (13) Other Outputs (4)

41 - 60 of 113 works

Featured

2001

Journal Article

Polynucleotide viral vaccines: codon optimisation and ubiquitin conjugation enhances prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy

Liu, Wen jun, Zhao, Kong-Nan, Gao, Feng Guang, Leggatt, Graham R., Fernando, Germain J. and Frazer, Ian H. (2001). Polynucleotide viral vaccines: codon optimisation and ubiquitin conjugation enhances prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. Vaccine, 20 (5-6), 862-869. doi: 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00406-6

Polynucleotide viral vaccines: codon optimisation and ubiquitin conjugation enhances prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy

Featured

2001

Journal Article

Low level expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 in squamous epithelium does not elicit E6 specific B- or T-helper immunological responses, or influence the outcome of immunisation with E6 protein

Azoury-Ziadeh, R, Herd, K, Fernando, GJP, Lambert, P, Frazer, IH and Tindle, RW (2001). Low level expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 in squamous epithelium does not elicit E6 specific B- or T-helper immunological responses, or influence the outcome of immunisation with E6 protein. Virus Research, 73 (2), 189-199. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00241-0

Low level expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 in squamous epithelium does not elicit E6 specific B- or T-helper immunological responses, or influence the outcome of immunisation with E6 protein

Featured

2000

Journal Article

Differences in the post-translational modifications of human papillomavirus type 6b major capsid protein expressed from a baculovirus system compared with a vaccinia virus system

Fang, N., Frazer, I. H. and Fernando, G. J. (2000). Differences in the post-translational modifications of human papillomavirus type 6b major capsid protein expressed from a baculovirus system compared with a vaccinia virus system. Biotechnology And Applied Biochemistry, 32 (1), 27-33. doi: 10.1042/BA20000001

Differences in the post-translational modifications of human papillomavirus type 6b major capsid protein expressed from a baculovirus system compared with a vaccinia virus system

Featured

2000

Journal Article

Peripheral tolerance to human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein occurs by cross-tolerization, is largely Th-2-independent, and is broken by dendritic cell immunization

Doan, Tracy, Herd, Karen A., Lambert, Paul F., Fernando, Germain J. P., Street, Michael D. and Tindle, Robert W. (2000). Peripheral tolerance to human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein occurs by cross-tolerization, is largely Th-2-independent, and is broken by dendritic cell immunization. Cancer Research, 60 (11), 2810-2815.

Peripheral tolerance to human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein occurs by cross-tolerization, is largely Th-2-independent, and is broken by dendritic cell immunization

Featured

1999

Journal Article

Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein expressed in peripheral epithelium tolerizes E7-directed cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors restricted through human (and mouse) major histocompatibility complex class I alleles

Doan, Tracy, Herd, Karen, Street, Michael, Bryson, Gregory, Fernando, Germain, Lambert, Paul and Tindle, Robert (1999). Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein expressed in peripheral epithelium tolerizes E7-directed cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors restricted through human (and mouse) major histocompatibility complex class I alleles. Journal of Virology, 73 (7), 6166-6170. doi: 10.1128/jvi.73.7.6166-6170.1999

Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein expressed in peripheral epithelium tolerizes E7-directed cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors restricted through human (and mouse) major histocompatibility complex class I alleles

Featured

1999

Journal Article

Post translational modifications of recombinant human Papillomavirus type 6b major capsid protein

Fang, Ning-Xia, Frazer, Ian H., Zhou, Jian and Fernando, Germain J. P. (1999). Post translational modifications of recombinant human Papillomavirus type 6b major capsid protein. Virus Research, 60 (2), 113-121. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1702(98)00117-8

Post translational modifications of recombinant human Papillomavirus type 6b major capsid protein

Featured

1999

Journal Article

Expression, purification and immunological characterization of the transforming protein E7, from cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 16

Fernando, G. J. P., Murray, B., Zhou, J. and Frazer, I. H. (1999). Expression, purification and immunological characterization of the transforming protein E7, from cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 16. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 115 (3), 397-403. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00813.x

Expression, purification and immunological characterization of the transforming protein E7, from cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 16

Featured

1999

Journal Article

T-Helper epitopes identified within the E6 transforming protein of cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 16

Azoury-Ziadeh, Rania, Herd, Karen, Fernando, Germain J. P., Frazer, Ian H. and Tindle, Robert W. (1999). T-Helper epitopes identified within the E6 transforming protein of cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 16. Viral Immunology, 12 (4), 297-312. doi: 10.1089/vim.1999.12.297

T-Helper epitopes identified within the E6 transforming protein of cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 16

Featured

1998

Journal Article

Split tolerance to a viral antigen expressed in thymic epithelium and keratinocytes

Frazer, Ian H., Fernando, Germain J. P., Fowler, Nina, Leggatt, Graham R., Lambert, Paul F., Liem, Amy, Malcolm, Karen and Tindle, Robert W. (1998). Split tolerance to a viral antigen expressed in thymic epithelium and keratinocytes. European Journal of Immunology, 28 (9), 2791-2800. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199809)28:093.0.CO;2-B

Split tolerance to a viral antigen expressed in thymic epithelium and keratinocytes

Featured

1998

Journal Article

Th2-type CD4(+) cells neither enhance nor suppress antitumor CTL activity in a mouse tumor model

Fernando, Germain J. P., Stewart, Trina J., Tindle, Robert W. and Frazer, Ian H. (1998). Th2-type CD4(+) cells neither enhance nor suppress antitumor CTL activity in a mouse tumor model. Journal of Immunology, 161 (5), 2421-2427.

Th2-type CD4(+) cells neither enhance nor suppress antitumor CTL activity in a mouse tumor model

Featured

1998

Journal Article

Mice expressing the E7 oncogene of HPV16 in epithelium show central tolerance, and evidence of peripheral anergising tolerance, to E7-encoded cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes

Doan, Tracy, Chambers, Melita, Street, Michael, Fernando, Germain J. P., Herd, Karen, Lambert, Paul and Tindle, Robert (1998). Mice expressing the E7 oncogene of HPV16 in epithelium show central tolerance, and evidence of peripheral anergising tolerance, to E7-encoded cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. Virology, 244 (2), 352-364. doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9128

Mice expressing the E7 oncogene of HPV16 in epithelium show central tolerance, and evidence of peripheral anergising tolerance, to E7-encoded cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes

Featured

1998

Journal Article

Vaccine-induced Th1-type responses are dominant over Th2-type responses in the short term whereas pre-existing Th2 responses are dominant in the longer term

Fernando, G. J. P., Stewart, T. J., Tindle, R. W. and Frazer, I. H. (1998). Vaccine-induced Th1-type responses are dominant over Th2-type responses in the short term whereas pre-existing Th2 responses are dominant in the longer term. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 47 (5), 459-465. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00327.x

Vaccine-induced Th1-type responses are dominant over Th2-type responses in the short term whereas pre-existing Th2 responses are dominant in the longer term

Featured

1998

Journal Article

Papillomavirus virus-like particles can deliver defined CTL epitopes to the MHC class I pathway

Peng, Shiwen W., Frazer, Ian H., Fernando, Germain J. P. and Zhou, Jian (1998). Papillomavirus virus-like particles can deliver defined CTL epitopes to the MHC class I pathway. Virology, 240 (1), 147-157. doi: 10.1006/viro.1997.8912

Papillomavirus virus-like particles can deliver defined CTL epitopes to the MHC class I pathway

Featured

1998

Journal Article

Delivery of multiple CD8 cytotoxic T cell epitopes by DNA vaccination

Thomson, SA, Sherritt, MA, Medveczky, J, Elliott, SL, Moss, DJ, Fernando, GJP, Brown, LE and Suhrbier, A (1998). Delivery of multiple CD8 cytotoxic T cell epitopes by DNA vaccination. Journal of Immunology, 160 (4), 1717-1723. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.4.1717

Delivery of multiple CD8 cytotoxic T cell epitopes by DNA vaccination

Featured

1997

Journal Article

Presentation of the HPV16E7 protein by skin grafts is insufficient to allow graft rejection in an E7-primed animal

Dunn, Linda A., Evander, Magnus, Tindle, Robert W., Bulloch, Anne Louise, de Kluyver, Rachel L., Fernando, Germain J. P., Lambert, Paul F. and Frazer, Ian H. (1997). Presentation of the HPV16E7 protein by skin grafts is insufficient to allow graft rejection in an E7-primed animal. Virology, 235 (1), 94-103. doi: 10.1006/viro.1997.8650

Presentation of the HPV16E7 protein by skin grafts is insufficient to allow graft rejection in an E7-primed animal

Featured

1997

Journal Article

E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 expressed constitutively in the epidermis has no effect on E7-specific B- or Th-repertoires or on the immune response induced or sustained after immunization with E7 protein

Herd, K., Fernando, G. J. P., Dunn, L. A., Frazer, I. H., Lambert, P. and Tindle, R. W. (1997). E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 expressed constitutively in the epidermis has no effect on E7-specific B- or Th-repertoires or on the immune response induced or sustained after immunization with E7 protein. Virology, 231 (1), 155-165. doi: 10.1006/viro.1997.8491

E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 expressed constitutively in the epidermis has no effect on E7-specific B- or Th-repertoires or on the immune response induced or sustained after immunization with E7 protein

Featured

1995

Journal Article

Purification, Characterization and Cdna Sequence of An Alkaline Chymotrypsin From the Midgut of Manduca-Sexta

Peterson, AM, Fernando, Gjp and Wells, MA (1995). Purification, Characterization and Cdna Sequence of An Alkaline Chymotrypsin From the Midgut of Manduca-Sexta. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 25 (7), 765-774. doi: 10.1016/0965-1748(94)00092-V

Purification, Characterization and Cdna Sequence of An Alkaline Chymotrypsin From the Midgut of Manduca-Sexta

Featured

1995

Journal Article

Immunological responses in human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7-transgenic mice to E7 protein correlate with the presence of skin disease

Frazer, I. H., Leippe, D. M., Dunn, L. A., Liem, A., Tindle, R. W., Fernando, G. J. P., Phelps, W. C. and Lambert, P. F. (1995). Immunological responses in human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7-transgenic mice to E7 protein correlate with the presence of skin disease. Cancer Research, 55 (12), 2635-2639.

Immunological responses in human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7-transgenic mice to E7 protein correlate with the presence of skin disease

Featured

1995

Journal Article

T-helper epitopes of the E7 transforming protein of cervical-cancer associated human papillomavirus type-18 (hpv18)

Fernando, G.J.P., Tindle, R.W and Frazer, I.H. (1995). T-helper epitopes of the E7 transforming protein of cervical-cancer associated human papillomavirus type-18 (hpv18). Virus Research, 36 (1), 1-13. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)00101-H

T-helper epitopes of the E7 transforming protein of cervical-cancer associated human papillomavirus type-18 (hpv18)

Featured

1995

Journal Article

A vaccine conjugate of 'ISCAR' immunocarrier and peptide epitopes of the E7 cervical cancer-associated protein of human papillomavirus type 16 elicits specific Th1- and Th2-type responses in immunized mice in the absence of oil-based adjuvants

Tindle, R. W., Croft, S., Herd, K., Malcolm, K., Geczy, A. F., Stewart, T. and Fernando, G. J. (1995). A vaccine conjugate of 'ISCAR' immunocarrier and peptide epitopes of the E7 cervical cancer-associated protein of human papillomavirus type 16 elicits specific Th1- and Th2-type responses in immunized mice in the absence of oil-based adjuvants. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 101 (2), 265-271. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb08349.x

A vaccine conjugate of 'ISCAR' immunocarrier and peptide epitopes of the E7 cervical cancer-associated protein of human papillomavirus type 16 elicits specific Th1- and Th2-type responses in immunized mice in the absence of oil-based adjuvants

Past funding

  • 2018 - 2021
    Needle free delivery of dengue and Zika vaccines to the skin
    NHMRC Development Grant
    Open grant
  • 2009 - 2011
    Nanopatch immunisation against pandemic Novel A (H1N1) influenza virus 09: potent immunity at a reduced dose
    NHMRC Urgent Research - H1N1 Influenza 09
    Open grant
  • 2009 - 2011
    Nanopatch immunisation against pandemic influenza: improved immune responses at a reduced dose.
    NHMRC Project Grant
    Open grant
  • 2005
    NHMRC Equipment Grant : Estimation of drugs, peptides and metabolites using HPLC-Mass-spectrometry-microdialysis
    NHMRC Equipment Grant
    Open grant
  • 2005 - 2006
    Optimising Immunotherapy in Tumour Antigen Experienced Host
    Queensland Cancer Fund
    Open grant
  • 2004 - 2005
    NHMRC_Equipment Grant _HLTH_CICR_Med SCD
    NHMRC Equipment Grant
    Open grant
  • 2004 - 2006
    The Role Of CD4+ T Cells In The Tumour Killing By CD8+ Memory T Cells
    NHMRC Project Grant
    Open grant
  • 2002 - 2004
    Optimising immunity towards cancers by vaccination
    NHMRC Project Grant
    Open grant
  • 2000 - 2002
    The role CD4++ T-helper cells in the generation, maintenance and activation of a long lasting antitumour CTL effect
    NHMRC Project Grant
    Open grant
  • 2000
    The role of T-help in maintenance of memory cytotoxic T cells.
    ARC Australian Research Council (Small grants)
    Open grant
  • 1998 - 1999
    Comparison of Efficacy of oil Based Adjuvants Versus Water Based Ajuvants in Cervical Cancer Vaccines
    Princess Alexandra Hospital R&D Foundation
    Open grant
  • 1997 - 1999
    T help as a determinant of effector CTL function in immunotherapy
    NHMRC Project Grant
    Open grant
  • 1997
    The role of cytokines in cervical cancer regression
    Princess Alexandra Hospital R&D Foundation
    Open grant
  • 1996
    Improved vaccines against cervical cancers
    Princess Alexandra Hospital R&D Foundation
    Open grant
  • 1996
    The role of t-help in the CTL induced regression of tumours
    Mayne Bequest Fund
    Open grant
  • 1995
    Optimising immunity towards tumours by vaccination
    Cancer Bequest Fund
    Open grant

Availability

Dr Germain Fernando is:
Available for supervision

Before you email them, read our advice on how to contact a supervisor.

Available projects

  • Development of needle-free pain-free skin patch vaccines

    1). Delivering of vaccines using a novel skin patch that is needle-free and pain-free which induces potent immune responses. Study of mechanisms.

    2). Developing Universal Influenza Vaccines that protect people from new strains of virus.

    3). Translating the skin patch vaccine delivery system from animal models to human clinical testing.

Supervision history

Completed supervision

Enquiries

Contact Dr Germain Fernando directly for media enquiries about:

  • Anti-cancer Vaccines
  • Antibody
  • Biochemistry
  • Drug Delivery
  • Immunisation
  • Immunology
  • Influenza vaccines
  • Lipid Chemistry
  • Lipoproteins
  • Medical Devices
  • Nanopatch
  • Needle-free vaccination
  • Papillomavirus Vaccines
  • Protein Chemistry
  • Skin - vaccinations
  • Systems Vaccinology
  • T-Cells
  • Vaccination
  • Vaccine Adjuvants
  • Vaccine delivery
  • Vaccines
  • Vaccines and genes
  • Viral Vaccines

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