Overview
Background
Dr Fernando's current research interests include developing needle-free, pain-free, skin patch vaccines. Influenza and human papilloma virus vaccines are used as model vaccines in these studies.
Dr Germain Fernando completed PhD at the University of Arizona, USA, and did post-doctoral research at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, before joining the University of Queensland in 1989. He has been working in the field of vaccinology for the last 28 years. He has a H-Index of 36.
He is a Senior Consultant at Vaxxas Pty. Ltd, Brisbane, Australia
Publications and Citation Metrics are available at the following website:
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/C-3733-2009
Availability
- Dr Germain Fernando is:
- Available for supervision
- Media expert
Fields of research
Qualifications
- Bachelor (Honours) of Science (Advanced), Institution to be confirmed
- Doctor of Philosophy, Arizona State University
Research interests
-
Vaccinations using a novel needle-free, pain-free, skin patch.
Although effective vaccines are available for combating diseases such as flu and cervical cancer, some people are reluctant to get vaccinated because of the fear of the needle. The needle and syringe first invented in 1853 is still being used because of the convenience to the person administering the vaccine. However this method has many disadvantages: Fear of the needle and the pain of injection, especially among children. Furthermore injection into muscle is less efficient than delivering the vaccine directly to immunologically active cells in the skin. We have designed a skin patch to overcome these disadvantages. We have recently published data to show potent immunity can be induced using very low doses of vaccine delivered by the skin patch. Reference: Fernando et al PLoS One 2010 April 21:5(4), e 10266.
Works
Search Professor Germain Fernando’s works on UQ eSpace
Featured
2009
Journal Article
Epithelial expression of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein results in peripheral CD8 T-cell suppression mediated by CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells
Narayan, S., Choyce, A., Linedale, R., Saunders, N. A., Dahler, A., Chan, E., Fernando, G. J., Frazer, I. H. and Leggatt, G. R. (2009). Epithelial expression of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein results in peripheral CD8 T-cell suppression mediated by CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. European Journal of Immunology, 39 (2), 481-490. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838527
Featured
2008
Other Outputs
Coating Method
Kendall, Mark, Fernando, Germain, Chen, Xianfeng and Prow, Tarl (2008). Coating Method. WO2009/079712.
Featured
2008
Journal Article
TLR7 stimulation augments T effector-mediated rejection, of skin expressing neo-self antigen in keratinocytes
Zhong, Jie, Usriansyah Usriansyah, Rachel De Kluyver, Leggatt, Graham R., Fernando, Germain J. and Frazer, Ian H. (2008). TLR7 stimulation augments T effector-mediated rejection, of skin expressing neo-self antigen in keratinocytes. European Journal of Immunology, 38 (1), 73-81. doi: 10.1002/eji.200737599
Featured
2007
Journal Article
Secondary immunisation with high-dose heterologous peptide leads to CD8 T cell populations with reduced functional avidity
Narayan, S., Choyce, A., Fernando, G. J. P. and Leggatt, G. R. (2007). Secondary immunisation with high-dose heterologous peptide leads to CD8 T cell populations with reduced functional avidity. European Journal of Immunology, 37 (2), 406-415. doi: 10.1002/eji.200535688
Featured
2006
Journal Article
Overcoming original antigenic sin to generate new CD8 T cell IFN-gamma responses in an antigen-experienced host
Liu, Xiao Song, Dyer, Joanne, Leggatt, Graham R., Fernando, Germain J. P., Zhong, Jie, Thomas, Ranjeny and Frazer, Ian H. (2006). Overcoming original antigenic sin to generate new CD8 T cell IFN-gamma responses in an antigen-experienced host. Journal of Immunology, 177 (5), 2873-2879. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.2873
Featured
2005
Journal Article
The role of CD4 T help in multiple vaccinations when using minimal CD8 T cell epitope peptides
Khammanivong, V., Peters, T., Andrews, M., Leggatt, G. R., Frazer, I. H. and Fernando, G. J. (2005). The role of CD4 T help in multiple vaccinations when using minimal CD8 T cell epitope peptides. Tissue Antigens, 66 (5), 415-415.
Featured
2005
Journal Article
Transgenic expression of a viral oncoprotein exclusively in K14(+) epithelial cells results in peripheral but not central CD8 T cell tolerance
Leggatt, G. R., Saunders, N., Dahler, A., Fernando, G. J., Matsumoto, K., Narayan, S., Linedale, R., Choyce, A. and Frazer, I. H. (2005). Transgenic expression of a viral oncoprotein exclusively in K14(+) epithelial cells results in peripheral but not central CD8 T cell tolerance. Tissue Antigens, 66 (5), 475-476.
Featured
2004
Journal Article
Functional memory CD8+ T cells can be generated in vivo without evident T help
Andrews, Melanie R., Peters, Tania, Khammanivong, Vithagna, Leggatt, Graham R., Frazer, Ian H. and Fernando, Germain J. P. (2004). Functional memory CD8+ T cells can be generated in vivo without evident T help. Vaccine, 23 (6), 739-742. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.027
Featured
2004
Journal Article
Human growth hormone (hGH) presented by K14hGH-transgenic skin grafts induces a strong immune response but no graft rejection
Zhong, J., Matsumoto, K., De Kluyver, R., Fernando, G. J. P., Leggatt, G. R. and Frazer, I. H. (2004). Human growth hormone (hGH) presented by K14hGH-transgenic skin grafts induces a strong immune response but no graft rejection. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 123 (6), A113-A113.
Featured
2004
Journal Article
Tumour susceptibility to innate and adaptive immunotherapy changes during tumour maturation
Stewart, Trina J., Fernando, Germain J. P., Frazer, Ian H. and Leggatt, Graham R. (2004). Tumour susceptibility to innate and adaptive immunotherapy changes during tumour maturation. Immunology and Cell Biology, 82 (5), 455-461. doi: 10.1111/j.0818-9641.2004.01273.x
Featured
2004
Journal Article
ISCOMATRIX (TM) adjuvant: An adjuvant suitable for use in anticancer vaccines
Stewart, Trina J., Drane, Debbie, Malliaros, Jim, Elmer, Heidi, Malcolm, Karen M., Cox, John C., Edwards, Stirling J., Frazer, Ian H. and Fernando, Germain J. P. (2004). ISCOMATRIX (TM) adjuvant: An adjuvant suitable for use in anticancer vaccines. Vaccine, 22 (27-28), 3738-3743. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.026
Featured
2004
Journal Article
Erratum: IL-10 Mediates Suppression of the CD8 T Cell IFN-γ Response to a Novel Viral Epitope in a Primed Host (Journal of Immunology (2003) 171 (4765-4772))
Liu, X. S., Xu, Y., Zhao, W. M., Fernando, G. J. P., Leggatt, G. R. and Frazer, I. H. (2004). Erratum: IL-10 Mediates Suppression of the CD8 T Cell IFN-γ Response to a Novel Viral Epitope in a Primed Host (Journal of Immunology (2003) 171 (4765-4772)). Journal of Immunology, 172 (2), 1311-1311. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.1311-a
Featured
2004
Journal Article
Human growth hormone presented by K14hGH-transgenic skin grafts induces a strong immune response but no graft rejection
Zhong, Jie, Matsumoto, Koji, De Kluyver, Rachel, Fernando, Germain J. P., Leggatt, Graham R. and Frazer, Ian H. (2004). Human growth hormone presented by K14hGH-transgenic skin grafts induces a strong immune response but no graft rejection. Immunology and Cell Biology, 82 (6), 577-586. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2004.01292.x
Featured
2004
Journal Article
Impaired Antigen Presentation and Effectiveness of Combined Active/Passive Immunotherapy for Epithelial Tumors
Matsumoto, K., Leggatt, G. R., Zhong, J., Liu, X. S., De Kluyver, R. L., Peters, T., Fernando, G. J. P., Liem, A., Lambert, P. F. and Frazer, I. H. (2004). Impaired Antigen Presentation and Effectiveness of Combined Active/Passive Immunotherapy for Epithelial Tumors. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96 (21), 1611-1619. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dhj301
Featured
2003
Journal Article
IL-10 Mediates Suppression of the CD8 T Cell IFN-γ Response to a Novel Viral Epitope in a Primed Host
Liu, Xiao Song, Xu, Yan, Hardy, Lani, Khammanivong, Vithagna, Zhao, Weiming M., Fernando, Germain J. P., Leggatt, Graham R. and Frazer, Ian H. (2003). IL-10 Mediates Suppression of the CD8 T Cell IFN-γ Response to a Novel Viral Epitope in a Primed Host. Journal of Immunology, 171 (9), 4765-4772. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.9.4765
Featured
2003
Journal Article
Inhibition of early tumor growth requires Jα18-positive (natural killer T) cells
Stewart, Trina J., Smyth, Mark J., Fernando, Germain J. P., Frazer, Ian H. and Leggatt, Graham R. (2003). Inhibition of early tumor growth requires Jα18-positive (natural killer T) cells. Cancer Research, 63 (12), 3058-3060.
Featured
2003
Journal Article
Paucity of functional CTL epitopes in the E7 oncoprotein of cervical cancer associated human papillomavirus type 16
Khammanivong, Vithagna, Liu, Xiao Song, Liu, Wen Jun, Rodda, Stuart J., Leggatt, Graham R., Tindle, Robert W., Frazer, Ian H. and Fernando, Germain J. P. (2003). Paucity of functional CTL epitopes in the E7 oncoprotein of cervical cancer associated human papillomavirus type 16. Immunology and Cell Biology, 81 (1), 1-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2003.01130.x
Featured
2002
Journal Article
Antigen-specific CD4+ T-Cell Help Is Required to Activate a Memory CD8+ T Cell to a Fully Functional Tumor Killer Cell
Gao, Feng Guang, Khammanivong, Vithagna, Liu, Wen Jun, Leggatt, Graham R., Frazer, Ian H. and Fernando, Germain J. P. (2002). Antigen-specific CD4+ T-Cell Help Is Required to Activate a Memory CD8+ T Cell to a Fully Functional Tumor Killer Cell. Cancer Research, 62 (22), 6438-6441.
Featured
2002
Journal Article
Codon modified human papillomavirus type 16 E7 DNA vaccine enhances cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction and anti-tumour activity
Liu, Wen Jun, Gao, Fengguang, Zhao, Kong Nan, Zhao, Weiming, Fernando, Germain J. G., Thomas, Ranjeny and Frazer, Ian H. (2002). Codon modified human papillomavirus type 16 E7 DNA vaccine enhances cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction and anti-tumour activity. Virology, 301 (1), 43-52. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1584
Featured
2002
Journal Article
The number of long-lasting functional memory CD8(+) T cells generated depends on the nature of the initial nonspecific stimulation
Fernando, G. J. P., Khammanivong, V., Leggatt, G. R., Liu, W. J. and Frazer, I. H. (2002). The number of long-lasting functional memory CD8(+) T cells generated depends on the nature of the initial nonspecific stimulation. European Journal of Immunology, 32 (6), 1541-1549. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200206)32:63.0.CO;2-S
Funding
Supervision
Availability
- Dr Germain Fernando is:
- Available for supervision
Before you email them, read our advice on how to contact a supervisor.
Available projects
-
Development of needle-free pain-free skin patch vaccines
1). Delivering of vaccines using a novel skin patch that is needle-free and pain-free which induces potent immune responses. Study of mechanisms.
2). Developing Universal Influenza Vaccines that protect people from new strains of virus.
3). Translating the skin patch vaccine delivery system from animal models to human clinical testing.
Supervision history
Completed supervision
-
2017
Doctor Philosophy
Systems Vaccinology studies on the biomolecular basis of physical adjuvantation in skin when vaccinated with a high density microprojection array
Associate Advisor
-
2012
Doctor Philosophy
Dissolving Nanopatches for Targeted Vaccine Delivery to the Skin
Associate Advisor
Media
Enquiries
Contact Dr Germain Fernando directly for media enquiries about:
- Anti-cancer Vaccines
- Antibody
- Biochemistry
- Drug Delivery
- Immunisation
- Immunology
- Influenza vaccines
- Lipid Chemistry
- Lipoproteins
- Medical Devices
- Nanopatch
- Needle-free vaccination
- Papillomavirus Vaccines
- Protein Chemistry
- Skin - vaccinations
- Systems Vaccinology
- T-Cells
- Vaccination
- Vaccine Adjuvants
- Vaccine delivery
- Vaccines
- Vaccines and genes
- Viral Vaccines
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