Overview
Background
I received my PhD (with distinction) in 2014 from the Institute of Biotechnology at the University of Helsinki, Finland, where I studied membrane trafficking using advanced imaging techniques. In 2015, I relocated to the Queensland Brain Institute (QBI) at The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Australia, for postdoctoral training, shifting my research focus from fundamental cell biology towards neuroscience and super-resolution imaging. I was awarded a three-year Academy of Finland Postdoctoral Fellowship in 2016 and an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) in 2019 to investigate the role of lipid-modifying enzymes in neuronal function. In 2022, I became a UQ Amplify Fellow and established my independent research group at the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), UQ.
I now lead a laboratory that combines advanced imaging, cell biology, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and organoid models, and preclinical disease modelling to understand mechanisms of nervous system health and disease. Our research addresses two interconnected biological questions: i) how lipid metabolism supports neuronal energy metabolism, synaptic function, cognition, learning and memory, and how modulation of neuronal lipid pathways can be harnessed therapeutically in neurological disease; and ii) how genetic and environmental perturbations disrupt cellular homeostasis in rare neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, and how patient-derived iPSC and organoid models can be used to uncover human-specific disease mechanisms and develop and evaluate new therapeutic strategies.
More broadly, we investigate how fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, lipid metabolism and organelle function, are exploited or disrupted across inherited neurological disorders, neuroparalytic diseases caused by bacterial toxins, and infectious diseases caused by neurotropic and respiratory viruses. By integrating mechanistic discovery with human disease modelling and therapeutic development, our goal is to identify convergent disease mechanisms and translate them into new opportunities for intervention.
Availability
- Dr Merja Joensuu is:
- Available for supervision
- Media expert
Fields of research
Qualifications
- Doctor of Philosophy, University of Helsinki*
Research interests
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Neuronal Fatty Acid Energy Metabolism
Neuronal fatty acid metabolism and lipid-derived energy pathways in brain function and disease. My research investigates how fatty acids support neuronal energy production and function. I discovered a Ddhd2-regulated pathway that supplies saturated fatty acids for mitochondrial ATP generation, challenging the glucose-centric view of brain metabolism. My work integrates human iPSC and organoid models, advanced imaging, lipidomics, and metabolic profiling to define lipid-energy coupling in neurons and identify therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative and genetic neurological disorders.
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Protein Lipidation in Neuronal Function and Disease
Neuronal protein lipidation and membrane targeting mechanisms in brain function and disease. My research examines how protein lipidation regulates neuronal membrane association, trafficking, and homestasis. I study co- and post-translational lipid modifications such as N-myristoylation and S-palmitoylation pathways, and their roles in membrane trafficking, synaptic function and neurodegeneration. Using human iPSC and organoid models, advanced imaging and quantitative analysis, my work defines how dysregulated protein lipidation contributes to neurological diseases and reveals new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Virus–host interactions and host-directed antiviral strategies in neurological and respiratory infections
My research investigates how viruses hijack host lipid metabolism and membrane trafficking pathways to enable replication and spread. I focus on defining host lipidation and metabolic pathways required for viral infection, particularly in respiratory and neuronal systems. Using human iPSC and organoid models, advanced imaging, multi-omics, and functional assays, my work aims to identify host-directed antiviral targets that reduce viral replication and limit infection-associated tissue damage.
Research impacts
A major focus of my laboratory is understanding how lipid metabolism supports neuronal energy production and brain function. Our research has challenged the long-standing view that neurons depend predominantly on glucose for energy by demonstrating that neurons can mobilise and use fatty acids to generate energy. We are now translating these discoveries towards new metabolic treatment strategies for rare inherited neurological disorders, including hereditary spastic paraplegias.
My team also uses patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and human organoid models to recreate features of rare neurological diseases in the laboratory. These models provide a human-relevant platform for identifying disease mechanisms and evaluating potential treatments, including gene and metabolic therapies, while contributing to efforts to reduce reliance on animal models in preclinical research.
Our research into how viruses and bacterial neurotoxins exploit cellular pathways has also identified potential new therapeutic targets. This includes developing host-directed antiviral strategies that target cellular lipid-modifying enzymes rather than individual viruses, providing a potential route towards broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.
By combining advanced imaging, human stem cell and organoid technologies, disease modelling and therapeutic development, my laboratory seeks to convert fundamental discoveries about how human cells function into new opportunities to diagnose, prevent and treat neurological and infectious diseases.
Works
Search Professor Merja Joensuu’s works on UQ eSpace
2012
Journal Article
Progressive sheet-to-tubule transformation is a general mechanism for endoplasmic reticulum partitioning in dividing mammalian cells
Puhka, Maija, Joensuu, Merja, Vihinen, Helena, Belevich, Ilya and Jokitalo, Eija (2012). Progressive sheet-to-tubule transformation is a general mechanism for endoplasmic reticulum partitioning in dividing mammalian cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 23 (13), 2424-2432. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E10-12-0950
2007
Journal Article
Endoplasmic reticulum remains continuous and undergoes sheet-to-tubule transformation during cell division in mammalian cells
Puhka, Maija, Vihinen, Helena, Joensuu, Merja and Jokitalo, Eija (2007). Endoplasmic reticulum remains continuous and undergoes sheet-to-tubule transformation during cell division in mammalian cells. Journal of Cell Biology, 179 (5), 895-909. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200705112
Funding
Current funding
Past funding
Supervision
Availability
- Dr Merja Joensuu is:
- Available for supervision
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Supervision history
Current supervision
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Doctor Philosophy
Lipid metabolism regulates neuronal energy homeostasis, protein N-myristoylation and membrane trafficking
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Hannah Leeson
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Doctor Philosophy
Mechanisms of RGD-Functionalized Nanomaterials in Tumor Cell Biology
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Wenyi Gu, Professor Michael Monteiro
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Doctor Philosophy
Identifying the mechanism of regeneration in early brain development
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Selin Pars, Dr Giovanni Pietrogrande
Completed supervision
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2024
Doctor Philosophy
Bidirectional modulation of cellular saturated fatty acids as potential therapeutics for neurological conditions and viral infections
Principal Advisor
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2022
Doctor Philosophy
Identifying Key Changes in Brain Free Fatty Acids Associated with Memory in Health, Ageing and Disease: A Mechanistic Study
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Tristan Wallis, Professor Frederic Meunier
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2022
Doctor Philosophy
Characterization and role of lateral trapping and nanocluster organization of the endocytic machinery
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Frederic Meunier
Media
Enquiries
Contact Dr Merja Joensuu directly for media enquiries about:
- Neuronal energy metabolism
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