Overview
Background
A/Prof Stephen Johnston is a Reader in Reproduction (40% Teaching; 40% Research and 20% Service) in the School of Environment at the University of Queensland, where he teaches animal reproduction and captive husbandry to Bachelor of Wildlife Science and Science undergraduate and postgraduate students. He is current program coordinator for the Bachelor of Wildlife Science Program. He is also a research affiliate in the School of Veterinary Science. Stephen was trained as a zoologist and specialises in the area of reproductive biology in a broad diversity of species ranging from prawns to tigers but with a major focus on Australian mammals. A/Prof Johnston has published 300 scientific works in basic and applied science disciplines including reproductive anatomy, physiology and behaviour. He was the first person in the world to produce a pouch young following artificial insemination in a marsupial, a task that he and his colleagues have now carried out successfully in the koala, a total of 34 times. Stephen is also a specialist in the cryopreservation of marsupial spermatozoa and in the assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation, including human and domestic animal spermatozoa. A/Prof Johnston’s recent research interests and grant success include studies aimed at a better understanding of the effect of chlamydia on male koala reproduction, heat stress in koalas, sociobiology of koalas, genetic and reproductive management of koalas, wombat captive reproduction, echidna captive breeding, crocodile artificial insemination and prawn aquaculture. He is a Fellow of the Society for Reproductive Biology (2019)
Availability
- Associate Professor Steve Johnston is:
- Not available for supervision
- Media expert
Fields of research
Qualifications
- Bachelor (Honours) of Science (Advanced), The University of Queensland
- Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Queensland
Research interests
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Reproductive Biology of Wildlife
The study of fundamental (anatomy, physiology and behaviour) and applied biology of the reproduction of Australian fauna and exotic mammals
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Assessment of male human fertility
Studies centred around the assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation in human reproductive medicine
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Cryopreservation of spermatozoa
A study of the cryopreservation of spermatozoa of vertebrate species
Research impacts
For 25 years, A/Prof Johnston has been the leader in the development of assisted breeding technology in Australian native fauna, with a strong interest in marsupial reproduction. His successful koala artificial breeding technology has been incorporated into State Government Conservation Policy and Legislation. The koala assisted breeding technology, which he developed, is also currently been used by the Queensland Zoo industry for genetic exchange and there are plans to use the technology for the overseas export of koala sperm to Japan and the United States. This work has also received recent acknowledgement n the Koala Expert Panel Final Report to the Queensland Government (2018). He provides expert advice and consultancy to the (1) Zoo Industry - Dreamworld, Australia Zoo, Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary, Taronga Zoo, Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Rockhampton Zoo, Perth Zoo, Australian Animals Care and Education, Sea World, Paradise Country, San Diego Zoo, Australian Japan Wildlife Education Conservation Foundation, Japanese Zoo Industry (2) Production Animal Industry - Koorana Crocodile Farm, Ag Force – teacher education programs, Prawn and Aquaculture (DAFFI and CSIRO). He is a regular media commentator on wildlife related issues for TV and radio and has been involved with numerous documentaries on marsupial and monotreme reproduction including “Koala Miracle” by Lyndal Davies (1998) from Rock Wallaby Productions, (which featured his work on the successful artificial insemination of the koala) “Miracle babies” produced by National Geographic Channel (2012) - http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/wild/episodes/koala-dating-game1/ and morerecently, a new documentary “Born in the Wild” produced by Charlotte Hunt-Grubble from Windfall Films on my koala and echidna reproductive research.
Works
Search Professor Steve Johnston’s works on UQ eSpace
2025
Journal Article
Factors influencing scrotal temperature in the bull during simulated heat treatments and thermoneutral conditions as determined by multimodel inferencing
Wallage, A. L., Lees, A. M., Lisle, A. T., Lees, J. C., Johnston, S. D. and Gaughan, J. B. (2025). Factors influencing scrotal temperature in the bull during simulated heat treatments and thermoneutral conditions as determined by multimodel inferencing. Journal of Thermal Biology, 127 104037, 104037. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.104037
2025
Journal Article
Observations on the reproductive morphology of the female short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus
Fenelon, Jane C., Ferrier, Stephanie B., Johnston, Stephen D. and Renfree, Marilyn B. (2025). Observations on the reproductive morphology of the female short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. Journal of Anatomy, 246 (1), 120-133. doi: 10.1111/joa.14142
2024
Conference Publication
28 Successful production of kangaroo ICSI embryos
Palacios, P. D., Gurkin, R. J., Campbell, Y., Zhao, J., Pini, T., Johnston, S. and Gambini, A. (2024). 28 Successful production of kangaroo ICSI embryos. Annual Conference of the International Embryo Technology Society, Fort Worth, TX United States, 18–22 January 2025. Clayton, VIC Australia: CSIRO Publishing. doi: 10.1071/rdv37n1ab28
2024
Journal Article
Strong correlation between double-strand DNA Breaks and total sperm DNA fragmentation in the human ejaculate
Gosálvez, Jaime, Johnston, Stephen D., Prado, Ahinoa, López-Fernández, Carmen, Contreras, Pablo, Bartolomé-Nebreda, Javier, González-Martínez, Mercedes, Fernández, José Luis, de la Vega, Carlos García and Góngora, Alfredo (2024). Strong correlation between double-strand DNA Breaks and total sperm DNA fragmentation in the human ejaculate. Archives of Medical Research, 55 (8) 103122, 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103122
2024
Journal Article
Semen collection and baseline semen characteristics of the king quail (Synoicus chinesis)
Wong, Isabella, Doneley, Robert and Johnston, Stephen (2024). Semen collection and baseline semen characteristics of the king quail (Synoicus chinesis). Theriogenology Wild, 5 100117, 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.therwi.2024.100117
2024
Journal Article
Spermatogonial stem cell technologies: applications from human medicine to wildlife conservation
Damyanova, Katerina B., Nixon, Brett, Johnston, Stephen D., Gambini, Andrés, Benitez, Patricio P. and Lord, Tessa (2024). Spermatogonial stem cell technologies: applications from human medicine to wildlife conservation. Biology of Reproduction, 111 (4), 757-779. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioae109
2024
Journal Article
The utility of the koala scat: a scoping review
Johnston, Stephen D., Hulse, Lyndal, Keeley, Tamara, Mucci, Albano, Seddon, Jennifer and Maynard, Sam (2024). The utility of the koala scat: a scoping review. Biology, 13 (7) 523, 523. doi: 10.3390/biology13070523
2024
Journal Article
Immunohistochemical characterization of the immune cell response during chlamydial infection in the male and female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) reproductive tract
Pagliarani, Sara, Johnston, Stephen D., Beagley, Kenneth W. and Palmieri, Chiara (2024). Immunohistochemical characterization of the immune cell response during chlamydial infection in the male and female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) reproductive tract. Veterinary Pathology, 61 (4), 621-632. doi: 10.1177/03009858231225499
2024
Journal Article
Body fat and circulating leptin levels in the captive short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)
Dutton-Regester, Kate J., Roser, Alice, Meer, Haley, Hill, Andrew, Pyne, Michael, Al-Najjar, Aiman, Whaites, Tim, Fenelon, Jane C., Buchanan, Katherine L., Keeley, Tamara, Renfree, Marilyn B. and Johnston, Stephen D. (2024). Body fat and circulating leptin levels in the captive short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 194 (4), 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s00360-024-01559-z
2024
Journal Article
The relationship between sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA fragmentation, and copy number in normal and abnormal human ejaculates
Tímermans, Ana, Otero, Fátima, Garrido, Manuel, Gosálvez, Jaime, Johnston, Stephen and Fernández, José Luis (2024). The relationship between sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA fragmentation, and copy number in normal and abnormal human ejaculates. Andrology, 12 (4), 870-880. doi: 10.1111/andr.13539
2024
Journal Article
Role of DNase activity in human sperm DNA fragmentation
Gosálvez, Jaime, Fernández, Carmen López, Johnston, Stephen D. and Bartolomé-Nebreda, Javier (2024). Role of DNase activity in human sperm DNA fragmentation. Biomolecules, 14 (3) 304, 1-12. doi: 10.3390/biom14030304
2024
Other Outputs
Complete multimodel dataset
Lees, Angela, Gaughan, John, Wallage, Andrea and Johnston, Steve (2024). Complete multimodel dataset. The University of Queensland. (Dataset) doi: 10.48610/fb62e47
2024
Journal Article
The relationship between DNA fragmentation and the intensity of morphologically abnormal human spermatozoa
González-Martínez, Mercedes, Sánchez-Martín, Pascual, López-Fernández, Carmen, Johnston, Stephen D. and Gosálvez, Jaime (2024). The relationship between DNA fragmentation and the intensity of morphologically abnormal human spermatozoa. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 13 (1), 22-27. doi: 10.4103/apjr.apjr_42_23
2023
Conference Publication
Koala sperm induces bovine oocyte activation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Palacios Benitez, P. D., Duncan, N., Nilesh Haldankar, A., Johnston, S. and Gambini, A. (2023). Koala sperm induces bovine oocyte activation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Annual Conference of the International Embryo Technology Society 2024, Denver, CO USA, 9-12 January 2024. Clayton, VIC Australia: CSIRO Publishing. doi: 10.1071/rdv36n2ab35
2023
Journal Article
Gut microbiota in the short‐beaked echidna (Tachyglossus Aculeatus) shows stability across gestation
Buthgamuwa, Isini, Fenelon, Jane C., Roser, Alice, Meer, Haley, Johnston, Stephen D. and Dungan, Ashley M. (2023). Gut microbiota in the short‐beaked echidna (Tachyglossus Aculeatus) shows stability across gestation. MicrobiologyOpen, 12 (6) e1392, e1392. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1392
2023
Journal Article
Addendum to: The relationship between sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA fragmentation and copy number in normal and abnormal human ejaculates
Tímermans, Ana, Otero, Fátima, Garrido, Manuel, Gosálvez, Jaime, Johnston, Stephen and Fernández, José Luis (2023). Addendum to: The relationship between sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA fragmentation and copy number in normal and abnormal human ejaculates. Andrology, 12 (5), 1111-1118. doi: 10.1111/andr.13559
2023
Journal Article
Anatomy of the female koala reproductive tract
Pagliarani, Sara, Palmieri, Chiara, McGowan, Michael, Carrick, Frank, Boyd, Jackson and Johnston, Stephen D. (2023). Anatomy of the female koala reproductive tract. Biology, 12 (11) 1445, 1-34. doi: 10.3390/biology12111445
2023
Journal Article
An evaluation of DNA sample source and molecular markers to determine gender in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus)
Hulse, Lyndal, Tomsett, Caitlin, Roser, Alice, Clark, Lauren, Meer, Haley, Pyne, Michael, Fenelon, Jane C, Renfree, Marilyn B and Johnston, Stephen (2023). An evaluation of DNA sample source and molecular markers to determine gender in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Zoo Biology, 43 (1), 92-99. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21809
2023
Journal Article
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) prostate: a comprehensive histological and immunohistochemical investigation
Campbell, Yolande, Palmieri, Chiara, Pagliarani, Sara, Gordon, Jo and Johnston, Stephen (2023). The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) prostate: a comprehensive histological and immunohistochemical investigation. Biology of Reproduction, 109 (5), 644-653. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioad098
2023
Journal Article
Getting out of a mammalian egg: the egg tooth and caruncle of the echidna
Fenelon, Jane C., Bennetts, Abbie, Anthwal, Neal, Pyne, Michael, Johnston, Stephen D., Evans, Alistair R., Tucker, Abigail S. and Renfree, Marilyn B. (2023). Getting out of a mammalian egg: the egg tooth and caruncle of the echidna. Developmental Biology, 495, 8-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.12.005
Funding
Current funding
Past funding
Supervision
Availability
- Associate Professor Steve Johnston is:
- Not available for supervision
Supervision history
Current supervision
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Doctor Philosophy
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Monotreme and Marsupial Accessory Glands
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Chiara Palmieri, Dr Taylor Pini
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Doctor Philosophy
Novel strategies for marsupial genetic preservation and in vitro embryo production
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Andres Gambini
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Doctor Philosophy
Novel methods for improving in vitro production of bovine embryos
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Andres Gambini
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Doctor Philosophy
Hatching out the secrets of female monotreme reproductive biology
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Chiara Palmieri, Dr Taylor Pini
Completed supervision
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2023
Doctor Philosophy
New insights into the reproductive physiology of female short-beaked echidnas
Principal Advisor
-
2021
Doctor Philosophy
The effect of Chlamydia on male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) fertility
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Chiara Palmieri
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2021
Doctor Philosophy
The effect of heat stress on testicular thermoregulation in the bovine
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor John Gaughan
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2019
Doctor Philosophy
The establishment of a Living Genome Resource Bank utilising genetic analysis and assisted breeding technology: a case study on the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Principal Advisor
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2018
Doctor Philosophy
Spermatogenesis and Sperm Assessment in the Black Tiger Prawn, Penaeus monodon
Principal Advisor
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2018
Master Philosophy
The assessment of reproductive function, behaviour and adrenal physiology in captive male southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons)
Principal Advisor
-
2018
Doctor Philosophy
The use of urine as a tool to analyse the reproductive function of captive female southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons)
Principal Advisor
-
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2015
Doctor Philosophy
New insights into the Reproductive Physiology and Management of the Female Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): Factors affecting the control of the oestrous cycle
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Associate Professor Stephen Anderson
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2013
Doctor Philosophy
The Novel Reproductive Biology of Flying-foxes (Pteropus spp.): Implications for the Development of Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Principal Advisor
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2012
Master Philosophy
Chlamydial Disease of the Male Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Reproductive Tract
Principal Advisor
Other advisors: Professor John Gaughan
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2009
Doctor Philosophy
Refinement of Artificial Insemination Program in the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) with an Emphasis on Male Factor Fertility
Principal Advisor
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2009
Doctor Philosophy
Functional Approaches to the Development of Koala Sperm Cryopreservation Techniques
Principal Advisor
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2005
Master Philosophy
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE MALE AND FEMALE COMMON WOMBAT, Vombatus ursinus: STUDIES TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICAL INSEMINATION PROTOCAL
Principal Advisor
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2023
Doctor Philosophy
Understanding the koala retrovirus epidemic: genetic diversity, transmission and immunogenicity
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Paul Young, Professor Keith Chappell
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2021
Doctor Philosophy
Further insights into the pathogenesis of Chlamydiosis and characterisation of immune cells in the reproductive tract of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Professor Chiara Palmieri
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2020
Doctor Philosophy
The physiological and behavioural adaptations in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in response to climate change
Associate Advisor
Other advisors: Dr Bill Ellis
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2013
Doctor Philosophy
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE MALE AUSTRALIAN PARROT An emphasis on the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Associate Advisor
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2012
Doctor Philosophy
The behavioural biology and management of southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) in captivity
Associate Advisor
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2010
Doctor Philosophy
The behaviour and reproductive biology of captive southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons)
Associate Advisor
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2008
Master Philosophy
Longitudinal Changes in Testosterone Secretion and Agressive Behaviour and the Use of a GnRH Agonist in Male Australian Sea Lions, Neophoca Cinerea
Associate Advisor
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2008
Doctor Philosophy
The identification of factors responsible for boar testicular hypertrophy following neonatal hemicastration
Associate Advisor
Media
Enquiries
Contact Associate Professor Steve Johnston directly for media enquiries about:
- Animal reproduction
- Bilbies
- Breeding technologies - for animals
- Captive breeding programs
- Crocodile reproduction
- Cryopreservation - animal genetics
- Embryo transfer - animals
- Exotic animals - reproductive biology
- IVF - for animals
- Kangaroos
- Koalas
- Koalas - reproductive biology
- Reproduction in animals
- Rhinos
- Spermatology - animal studies
- Wildlife reproductive biology
- Wombats
- Zoo captive breeding
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